Imperfections in FSW joints and NDT methods of their detection

• Autorzy: Pietras A , Węglowski M.St.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Niezgodności w złączach zgrzewanych metodą FSW i nieniszczące metody ich wykrywania

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article presents the classification of imperfections present in joints welded using the FSW method. The division of imperfections is based on standards PN-EN ISO 25239:2013 and AWS D17.3. The article also provides a more extensive and precise division of welding imperfections characteristic of the FSW process along with reasons for their formation. The text also presents the requirements of the standards in relation to the boundary values of imperfections depending on imperfection types. Furthermore, the article demonstrates the advantages, disadvantages and application of given non-destructive tests with reference to the quality control of FSW joints.

PL

Przedstawiono klasyfikację niezgodności, jakie występują w złączach zgrzewanych metodą FSW. Podział niezgodności został dokonany w oparciu o normy PN-EN ISO 25239:2013 i AWS D17.3. Podano również szerszy i bardziej precyzyjny podział niezgodności zgrzewalniczych charakterystycznych dla procesu FSW wraz z przyczynami ich powstawania. Przybliżono wymagania norm w zakresie granicznych wartości niezgodności w zależności od rodzaju niezgodności. Przedstawiono wady, zalety oraz zastosowanie danych metod badań nieniszczących w odniesieniu do kontroli jakości złączy FSW.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

friction stir welding; non-destructive testing; welding imperfection; PN-EN ISO 25239 2013 standard; AWS D17.3 standard

PL

zgrzewanie tarciowe; badania nieniszczące; niezgodności spawalnicze; norma PN-EN ISO 25239:2013; norma AWS D17-3

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Górnośląski Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 58, No. 2
• Strony: 23--32
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz., rys., tabl.

Twórcy

autor

Pietras A

• Instytut Spawalnictwa, Gliwice

autor

Węglowski M.St.

• Instytut Spawalnictwa, Gliwice

Bibliografia

• 1. PN-EN ISO 5817:2009. Welding. Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded). Quality levels for imperfections
• 2. PN-EN ISO 10042:2008. Welding - Arc welded joints in aluminium and its alloys - Quality levels for imperfections
• 3. PN-EN ISO 25239:2013. Friction stir welding. Aluminium
• 4. Leonard A.J., Lockyer S.A.: Flaws in friction stir welding. 4th International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding, Park City, Utah, USA, 2003.
• 5. Jene T., Dobmann G., Wagner G., Eifler D.: Monitoring of the Friction Stir Welding Process to Describe Parameter Effects on Joint Quality. Welding in the World, 2008, vol. 52, No. 9-10, 47-53.
• 6. PN-EN ISO 6520-1:2009. Welding and allied processes. Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials - Part 1: Fusion welding
• 7. PN-EN ISO 6520-2:2005. Welding and allied processes. Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials. Part 2: Welding with pressure
• 8. PN-EN ISO 13919-1:2002. Welding - Electrons and laser beam welded joints. Guidance on quality levels for imperfections. Part 1: Steel
• 9. PN-EN ISO 13919-2:2002. Welding. Electrons and laser beam welded joints. Guidance on quality levels for imperfections. Part 2: Aluminium
• 10. PN-EN ISO 25239-5:2012. Friction stir welding. Aluminium. Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements
• 11. AWS D17.3. 2010.(DRAFT) Specification for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloys for Aerospace Hardware.
• 12. Iordachescu M., Iordachescu D., Ocaña J.L., Vilaça P., Scutelnicu E.: Contribution to the Classification of the Characteristic Flaws in Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Butt Joints. Proceedings of the IIW International Conference on Advances in Welding and Allied Technologies, 2009, pp. 269-264.
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• 15. Pasek-Siurek H., Piątek M., Szebeszczyk T.: Welding variables monitoring system in the FSW method - FSW weld monitor. Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa, 2013, vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 50-57.
• 16. Fleming P., Fleming K., Bloodworth T., Linert T., Prater T.: In-process gap detection in friction stir welding. Sensors Review, 2008, vol. 28, pp. 62-67.
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• 19. Jandric D., Ouyang J.H., Valant M., Kovacevic R.: On-line weld quality diagnostic in friction stir welding. 11 International Conference on Computer Technology in Welding. NIST Special Publication 973, 2002.
• 20. Sinha P., Muthukumaran S., Sivakumar R., Mukherjee S.K.: Condition monitoring of first mode of metal transfer in friction stir welding by image processing techniques. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 2008, vol. 36,pp. 484-489.
• 21. Lamarre A., Dupuis O., Moles M.: Complete inspection of friction stir welds in aluminium using ultrasonic and eddy current arrays. CINDE Journal, No. 7-8, 2006, pp. 14-22.
• 22. Murariu A.C., Bîrdeanu V., Cojocaru R., Safta V.I., Dehelean D., Boţilă L., Ciucă C.: Application of Thermography in Materials Science and Engineering. Infrared Thermography, Intech, 2012
• 23. Giesko T., Pietras A., Mężyk J., Kowieski Sz.: Koncepcja systemu wizyjnego do monitorowania procesów zgrzewania tarciowego. Problemy Eksploatacji, 2011, No. 4, pp. 91-102.
• 24. Soundararajan V., Atharifar H., Kovacevic R.: Monitoring and processing the acoustic emission signals from the friction stir welding process. Pro. IMechE. Journal of the Engineering Manufacture, 2006, vol. 220, pp 1673-1685.
• 25. Chen Ch., Kovacevic R., Jandgric D.: Wavelet transform analysis of acoustic emission in monitoring friction stir welding of 6061 aluminium. International Journal of Machine Tool and Manufacture, 2003, vol. 43, pp 1383-1390.
• 26. Lohwasser D., Chen Z.: Friction stir welding. From Basics to applications. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, 2010.
• 27. Suits M.W., Leak J., Cox D.: Nondestructive Inspection Techniques for Friction Stir Weld verification on the space shuttle external tank. Proceeding from Materials Solution 2003 on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, 2003, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• 28. Akinlabi E.T., Levy A.C.S., Akinlabi S.A.: Non-destructive testing of dissimilar friction stir welds. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2012 vol. 3.
• 29. Adamowski J., Szkodo M.: Friction Stir Welds (FSW) of aluminium alloy AW6082-T6. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007, vol. 20, pp. 403-406.
• 30. Lamarre A., Dupuis O., Moles M.: Comprehensive Inspection of Friction Stir Welds using Arrays. Proceeding from Materials Solution 2003 on Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, 2003, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
• 31. Hedin A., Carlson L., Borg M.: Defect Detection by Laser-Ultrasonics in Friction Stir Welded Joints in Aluminium Profiles. 1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications, Montreal, Canada, 2008.
• 32. Joshi V., Balasubramaniam K., Prakash R.V.: Study of defects in friction stir welded AA 5083 by radiography, ultrasonic and phased array ultrasonic techniques. Proceedings of the National Seminar and Exhibition Non-destructive Evaluation, 2011.
• 33. Lamarre A., Dupuis O., Moles M.: Complete inspection of friction stir welds in aluminium using ultrasonic and eddy current arrays. CINDE Journal, 7-8, 2006, pp. 14-22.
• 34. Cosmi F., Cristofori A., Mancini L., Tovo R., Tromba G., Volpone M.: Preliminary investigation by synchrotron radiation of cracks and defects in AA FSW samples. 11th International Conference on Fracture, Paper No. 5450, Turin, Italy, (March,2005).
• 35. Fornal K., Lytaev P.: Microtomography study of magnesium friction stir welding procedure and magnesium alloys. Summerstudent programme 2013, Hamburg.
• 36. PN-EN ISO 9712:2012. Non-destructive testing. Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

Uwagi

PL

Wersja polska artykułu w wydaniu papierowym s.29--37.