Akumulatory litowe jako współczesne systemy magazynowania energii

• Autorzy: Bakierska M. , Chojnacka A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Lithium batteries as modern energy storage systems

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Due to the need for comprehensive management of energy resources, the storage of energy becomes an increasingly important issue. From the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of all methods of energy storage, reversible electrochemical cells seem to be the most effective. Among them, rechargeable lithium batteries are characterized by high energy density (Fig. 1), high voltage and good cyclic stability [7]. Thus, they have been a dominant technology of energy storage systems for over a decade. It is expected that market demand for Li-Ion cells in the coming years will grow at a rapid rate, as a result of their widespread use inter alia in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet PCs and laptops (Fig. 2) [9]. This article presents the characteristics of lithium batteries. The most commonly used cathode material in Li-Ion battery is layered cobalt oxide (130 mAh/g). However, it is expensive and toxic material, thus manganese-based compounds (LiMnO₂, LiMn₂O₄), polyanionic olivine structured materials (LiFePO₄) and silicates Li₂MSiO₄ (M = Mn, Co, Fe) gain an increasing interest. Due to the presence of two lithium ions in the structure of silicates, these materials have a high theoretical capacity, reaching about 300 mAh/g (Tab. 2) [1, 7–9, 11, 12]. Commercially used anode material is graphite (372 mAh/g). Nevertheless, scientists are still looking for new anode materials with a higher gravimetric capacity. Researches are primarily focused on modifications of the graphite or the use of lithium alloys with other elements (Sn, Al, Si) (Tab. 3) [1, 9, 12, 14, 15]. In the Lithium-Ion cells only non-aqueous solutions are used in the character of electrolytes. As a best material, the inorganic electrolyte lithium salts (such as LiBr, LiAsF₆, LiPF₆, LiBF₄, etc.) soluble in organic solvents are used [1, 2, 7, 8]. However, the study on alternative solutions (polymer electrolytes) is very important. Continuous technological progress makes the research on improving the reversible electrochemical cells necessary to fulfill the expectations of users in order to improve the quality of their lives.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

akumulator litowy; materiał anodowy; materiały katodowe; elektrolity

EN

Li-ion batteries; anode material; cathode material; electrolytes

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: [Z] 68, 9-10
• Strony: 856--871
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 16 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Bakierska M.

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Wydział Chemii, Zakład Technologii Chemicznej ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków

autor

Chojnacka A.

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Wydział Chemii, Zakład Technologii Chemicznej ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków

Bibliografia

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• [2] W. Bagocki, Chemiczne źrodła energii elektrycznej, WNT, Warszawa, 1965.
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• [4] Parlament Europejski i Rada Unii Europejskiej, Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej: Dyrektywa 2006/66/WE Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 6 września 2006 r.
• [5] I. Buchmann, Batteries in a portable world [on-line] [dostęp: 23.06.2014]. Dostępny w Internecie:http://www.buchmann.ca/default.asp
• [6] W. Kester, Practical design techniques for power and thermal management, Analog Devices, Nowy Jork, 1998.
• [7] M. Yoshio, R.J. Brodd, A. Kozawa, Lithium-Ion Batteries. Science and Technologies, Springer, Nowy Jork, 2009.
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• [10] K. Świerczek, Zjawisko interkalacji i efekt elektrochromowy [on-line] [dostęp: 23.06.2014]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://home.agh.edu.pl/~xi/dokumenty/3.pdf
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• [12] P. Bruce, Solid State Ionics, 2008, 179, 752.
• [13] I. Buchmann, Types of Lithium-ion [on-line] [dostęp: 23.06.2014]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_ of_lithium_ion
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