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CLT – material for the measure of the future

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EN
CLT – material for the measure of the future. CLT (cross laminated timber, X-Lam) is one type of engineered wood products. The first idea of CLT was presented in the seventies of the last century in Austria. Over the following years, the concept of cross-gluing wood was intensively developer in Europa, USA, Canada and China. Based on the literature data, this work presents history, structure, production process ,selected mechanical and physical parameters and applications of CLT. CLT is a wood panel product made from gluing together layers of solid-sawn lumber. The number of wooden layers is unpaired, most often 3, 5 or 7. Each layer consists of closely spaced and parallel boards. Adjacent layers are perpendicular to each other. The physical and mechanical properties of this product depend on many factors, e.g. number of layers and their thickness, the width and thickness of the boards in the layer, class of lumber, species of wood. Despite the fact that CLT is rather new material often used, especially in construction industry (both single-storey and multi-storey buildings). The short time of project implementation and their ecological character indicate that CLT is the material of the future in construction industry.
Twórcy
  • Department of Mechanical Processing of Wood, , Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
  • Department of Wood Science and Wood Preservation, Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
Bibliografia
  • 1. Abrahamsen R. B., Malo K. A. 2014: Structural design and assembly of „Treet” – a
  • 14-storey timber residential building in Norway. World Conference of Timber Engineering. Quebec City, Canada, 10 – 14 August.
  • 2. Abrahamsen R. 2017. Mjøstårnet – Construction of an 81 m tall timber building. 23. Internationales Holzbau Forum IHF 2017. Garmisch , Germany 6 - 8 December
  • 3. Brandner R., 2013: Production and Technology of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): A state-of-the-art. Report, Focus Solid Timber Solutions – European Conference on Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), COST Action FP1004, Graz; 3-36
  • 4. Cavus V., Sahin S., Estaves B. and AyataṺ., 2019: Thermal conductivity wood, BioResources nr 14(3); 6709-6715
  • 5. Crespell P., Gagnon S., 2010: Cross Laminated Timber: a Primer Publikation 52. FP Innovations
  • 6. Cziesielski E., 1974: HölzerneDachflächentragwerke, In: Holzbautaschenbuch. 7. Auflage. Verlag W. Ernst andSohn
  • 7. Danzig I.: Tall Wood in Canada: Feasibility Study, Technical Guide, and Wood Innovation and Design Centre. In: InternationalesHolzbau-Forum (IHF 2013) Aus der Praxis – für die Praxis. ForumHolzbau, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (German).
  • 8. DIN 4074-1:2012: Strengthgraded structural timber with rectangular cross section –Part
  • 1:Coniferous sawn timber. German Institute for Standardisation , Berlin, Germany
  • 9. http://drewdomy-sowa.pl/o-nas.html (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 10. Ebner G., 2017:CLT productions in Europe 2016-2020, TIMBER-ONLINE.net, https://www.timber-online.net/holzprodukte/2017/10/brettsperrholz-produktionen-ineuropa-20162020.html
  • 11. EN 14081-1:2015: Timber structures - Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section –Part 1: General requirements. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium
  • 12. EN 16351:2021: Timber structures – Cross laminated timber – Requirements
  • 13. EN 338:2016: Structural timber – Strength classes. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium
  • 14. EN 384:2016:Structural timber – Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density. European Committee for Standardisation, Brussels, Belgium
  • 15. Fast P. 2016: Case Study: An 18-storey tall mass timber hybrid student residence at the University of British Columbia. 22. Internationales Holzbau-Forum IHF 2016. 7 – 9 December 2016, Garmisch, Germany
  • 16. Ferk H., 2013: Some building science aspects for building with CLT, Focus Solid Timber Solutions - European Conference on Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), Bath; 207-250
  • 17. Grasser K.K., 2015: Development of Cross Laminated Timber in the United States of America, Master Thesis, University of Tennes-Knoxville
  • 18. Günther J., 2019: 100,000 m3 cross-laminated timber factories as default?, TIMBERONLINE.net, https://www.timber-online.net/holzprodukte/2019/11/100000-m3-crosslaminated-timber-factories-as-default.html
  • 19. Haden B. 2017: Reaching new heigts. Canadian Architect. No 2/2017, p. 34 – 37
  • 20. https://besttimberpolska.pl/ (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 21. Kotarski A., Przepiórka J., 2020: CLT – materiał spełniający oczekiwania – projektowanie i technologia. Inżynier budownictwa Nr 1: 77-81
  • 22. Kotwica E., Krzosek S., 2018: Glulam, LVL and X-lam – engineering wood products in the buildings of the future. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology, Nr 104,: 256 - 260
  • 23. Mc Lean J.D. 1941: Thermal conductivity of wood, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning nr 13 (6); 380-391
  • 24. Mason P.E., Dervell L.I., Jones J.M. and Wiliams A., 2016: Comparative study of the thermal conductivity of the solid biomass fuels, Energy and Fuels nr 30 (3): 2158-2163
  • 25. Muszynski L., Larasatie P., Guerrero J.E.M., Albee R., Hansen E.N., 2020: Global CLT industry in 2020: Growth beyond the Alpine Region, Proceedings of the 63rd International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, July 12-17, 2020 - Virtual Conference
  • 26. Przepiórka J., 2019, Kotarski A.: Drewno klejone krzyżowo – nowoczesny materiał budowlany, Inżynier budownictwa, Nr 4: 54-58
  • 27. Ringhofer A., Schickhofer G., 2014., Multi-storey residential buildings in CLT – Interdisciplinary principles of design and construction, Materials of Word Conference on Timber Engineering, Canada 2014, August 10-14
  • 28. Schickhofer G., 2010: Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) in Europe – from Conception to Implementation, presentation, University of British Columbia, Department of Wood Science, Vancouver, Canada, After: Brandner R., 2013: Production and Technology of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): A state-of-the-art. Report, Focus Solid Timber Solutions – European Conference on Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), COST Action FP1004, Graz; 3-36
  • 29. Stauder, C., 2013: Cross-Laminated Timber “An analysis of the Austrian industry and ideas for fostering its development in America”, Austrian Marshall Plan Foundation September; pp 36
  • 30. Thermal protection (crosstimbersystems.com) (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 31. Unterwieser H.,Schickhofer G., 2013: Characteristic Values and test configurations of CLT with Focus on Selected Properties, Report, Focus Solid Timber Solutions – European Conference on Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), COST Action FP1004, Graz; 53-73
  • 32. Woschitz R. 2015: Holzhochhaus HoHo Wien. 21. Internationales Holzbau-Forum IHF 2015. Garmisch, Germany, 2 – 4 December
  • 33. Woschitz R. 2017: Holzhochhaus HoHo Wien – eine erste Zwischenbilanz. 23. Internationales Holzbau-Forum IHF 2017. Garmisch , Germany, 6 - 8 December
  • 34. https://www.clthouse.pl/ (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 35. http://www.markosdesign.pl/ (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 36. http://www.modus-house.pl/ (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
  • 37. https://www.oferteo.pl/multicomfort-sp-z-o-o/firma/2944314 (avabile on line 2021.06.14)
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-5c1231ed-4601-4eda-80a9-8a88c2c1c6c9
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