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Abstrakty
The class-D power amplifiers which operate in a switched mode have become an attractive alternative of the conventional analog power amplifiers class-A, B and AB in the field of audio applications. They offer high power efficiency compared to analog power amplifiers and can be realised as completely digital power amplifiers. This paper briefly overviews the basic concepts of analog and digital power amplification using the pulse-width and sigmadelta modulation techniques as well as novel approach based on a click modulation technique and class-D power stages.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
683--706
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology Institute of Radioelectronics Electroacoustics Division Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] MORENO S. S., Class D audio amplifiers – theory and design, Elliot Sound Products, June 2005, www.sound.westhost.com/articles/pwm.htm
- [2] HONDA J., ADAMS J., Class D audio amplifier basics, International Rectifier, Application Note AN-1071.
- [3] ROSE D., A comparison of modular state-of-the art switch mode and linear audio power amplifiers, Proc. of the AES 112-th Convention, paper 5504, Munich, May 10–13, 2002.
- [4] BELL C., SIBSON I., A comparison of digital power amplifiers with conventional linear technology: performance, function and application, Proc. of the AES 119-th Convention, paper 6551, New York, October 7–10, 2005.
- [5] KOSTRZEWA M., KULKA Z., Application of pulse modulators in digital audio amplifiers [in Polish], Proc. of the 11-th International Symposium ISSET’2005, Cracow, June 23–25, 2005.
- [6] GOLDBERG J. M., SANDLER M. B., Noise shaping and pulse-width modulation for an all-digital audio power amplifier, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 39, 6 (1991).
- [7] NIELSEN K., High-fidelity PWM-based amplifier concept for active loudspeaker systems with very low energy consumption, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 45, 7/8 (1997).
- [8] JOHANSEN M., NIELSEN K., A review and comparison of digital PWM methods for digital pulse modulation amplifier (PMA), Proc. of the AES Convention, paper 5039, New York, September 24–27, 1999.
- [9] BRESCH E., PADGETT W. T., TMS320C67-based design of a digital audio power amplifier introducing novel feedback strategy, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, www.mathworks,com.
- [10] BERKHOUT M., Integrated class D amplifier, Proc. of the AES Convention, paper 5502, Munich, May 10–13, 2002.
- [11] VARONA J., Power digital-to-analog using sigma-delta and pulse width modulations, ECE University of Toronto, ECE1371 Analog Electronics II.
- [12] GERZON M. A., Predistortion techniques for complex but predictable transmission systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 20, 6 (1972).
- [13] HAWKSFORD M. O. J., Dynamic model-based linearization of quantized pulse-width modulation for applications in digital-to-analog conversion and digital power amplifier systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 40, 4 (1992).
- [14] CRAVEN P., Toward the 24-bit DAC: novel noise-shaping topologies incorporating correction for the nonlinearity in a PWM output stage, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 41, 5 (1993).
- [15] HAWKSFORD M. O. J., Linearization of multilevel, multiwidth digital PWM with applications in digital-to-analog conversion, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 43, 10 (1995).
- [16] KOSTRZEWA M., Use of PCM-to-PWM signal conversion methods in digital audio amplifiers [in Polish], Proc. of the 9-th Symposium – New Trends in Audio and Video,Warsaw, September 27–28, 2002.
- [17] YANG M., OH J-H., Adaptive predistortion filter for linearization of digital PWM power amplifier using neural networks, Proc. of the 113-th AES Convention, paper 5657, Los Angeles, October 5–8, 2002.
- [18] ANDERSON J. et al., Second generation intelligent class D amplifier controller integrated circuit enables both low cost and high performance amplifier designs, Proc. of the 120-th AES Convention, paper 6692, Paris, May 20–23, 2006.
- [19] TAURA K. et al., Development of a digital amplifier for car use, Proc. of the 115-th AES Convention, paper 5963, New York, October 10–13, 2003.
- [20] PERUZZI R. et al., An efficient lo-power audio amplifier with power supply rails tracking the output by means of pulse width modulation, Proc. of the 115-th AES Convention, paper 5920, New York, October 10–13, 2003.
- [21] TOL J. et al., A digital class-D amplifier with power supply correction, Proc. of the 121-st AES Convention, paper 6860, San Francisco, October 5–8, 2006.
- [22] ESSLINGER R., GRUHLER G., STEWART R. W., Digital audio power amplifiers using sigma-delta modulation. Linearity problems in the class-D power stage, Proc. of the 110-th AES Convention, paper 5400, Amsterdam, May 12–15, 2001.
- [23] ESSLINGER R., GRUHLER G., STEWART R. W., Sigma-delta modulation in digital class-D power amplifiers: Methods for reducing the effective pulse transition rate, Proc. of the 112-th AES Convention, paper 5634, Munich, May 10–13, 2002.
- [24] GAALAAS E. et al., Integrated stereo sigma-delta class D amplifier, Proc. of the 118-th AES Convention, paper 6452, Barcelona, May 28–31, 2005.
- [25] MAGRATH A. J., SANDLER M. B., Digital-domain dithering of sigma-delta modulators using bit flipping, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 45, 6 (1997).
- [26] GABORIAU J., FEI X., WALBURGER E., High performance PWM power audio amplifier, Proc. of the 111-th AES Convention, paper 5428, New York, September 21–24, 2001.
- [27] LOGAN B. F. Jr., Click modulation, AT&T Bell Lab. Tech., 63, 3 (1984).
- [28] KOSTRZEWA M., KULKA Z., Time-domain performance investigation of the click modulationbased PWM for digital class-D audio power amplifiers, Proc. of the IEEE Signal Processing ‘2005, Poznań, September 30, 2005.
- [29] STREITENBERGER M., BRESCH H., MATHIS W., A new concept for high performance class-D audio amplification, Proc. of the 106-th AES Convention, paper 4941, Munich, May 8–11, 1999.
- [30] STREITENBERGER M., MATHIS W., A novel coding topology for digital class-D audio power amplifiers with very low pulse-repetition rate, Proc. ESSCIRC, 2002.
- [31] OLIVA A., PAOLINI E., ANG S., A new audio file format for low-cost, high-fidelity, portable digital power amplifiers, www.techonline.com, 2005.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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