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Qualifying the geotechnical and hydrological characteristic of the Bandawaya stream valley - Northern Iraq

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In northern Iraq, countless non-abuse stream valleys can be used to store water for a variety of purposes; domestic, supplementary irrigation, and recharging groundwater. Bandawaya is one of the stream valleys, which form the first perspective has excellent quality. The location of the suggested dam has been evaluated by hydrological and geotechnical studies. Geotechnical studies included measurement of all the parameters related to the rock mass classification for evaluation based on four classification systems, which are the Q-System, the rock mass rating (RMR), the geological strength index (GSI), and the rock mass index (RMi). The classification results indicated that the rocks of the valley are good for constructing a dam on them, with some weak zones that may affect the integrity of the dam, which the study recommended treating before starting the construction of the dam. According to preliminary studies on different dam’s heights the qualification demonstrates an excellent choice of the site. Four stream orders are recognized, dendritic pattern in the southern part of the watershed, and trellised in the northern part. Three heights assumed to the proposed dam 450, 460, 470 m a.s.l. with 640,764; 3429,787; 8,590,763 m3 storage capacity respectively. According to the Q-System, the RMR, the GSI, and the RMi, the rock mass of the study area is evaluated. The findings illustrate the excellent selection by geotechnical, hydrological, and engineering features of the dam place.
Rocznik
Strony
319--331
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Mosul University, Dams and Water Resources Research Center, Aljamea Street, 16, 00964, Mosul, Iraq
  • Dams and Water Resources Research Center - Mosul University – Iraq, Aljamea Street, 16, 00964, Mosul, Iraq
  • Dams and Water Resources Research Center – Mosul University – Iraq Aljamea Street, 16, 00964, Mosul, Iraq
Bibliografia
  • Barton, N., Lien, R., & Lunde, J. (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mécanique Des Roches, 6(4), 189-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239496
  • Basu, A., Celestino, T.B. & Bortolucci, A.A. (2009). Evaluation of rock mechanical behaviors under uniaxial compression with reference to assessed weathering grades. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 42(1), 73-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-008-0170-2
  • Bieniawski, Z.T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • British Standard 5930 [BS 5930] (2009). Code of practice for site investigations. London: British Standards Institution.
  • Cabria, X.A. (2015). Effects of weathering in the rock and rock mass properties and the influence of salts in the coastal roadcuts in Saint Vincent and Dominica. Enschede: University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation (ITC).
  • Chen, Q., Yin, T. & Niu, W. (2018). Replacing RQD and discontinuity spacing with the modified blockiness index in the rock mass rating system. Archives of Mining Sciences, 63(2), 353-382. https://doi.org/10.24425/122452
  • Hoek, E. & Bray, J. (2005). Rock slope engineering. Fourth edition. London: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315274980
  • Hoek, E., Marinos, P. & Benissi, M. (1998). Applicability of the geological strength index (GSI) classification for very weak and sheared rock masses. The case of the Athens Schist Formation. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 57(2), 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100640050031
  • Fouad, S.F. (2015). Tectonic map of Iraq, scale 1 : 1000 000. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 11(1), 1-7.
  • International Society for Rock Mechanics [ISRM] (1980). Basic geotechnical description of rock masses. Salzburg: ISRM.
  • Jassim, S.Z. & Goff, J.C. (2006). Geology of Iraq. Brno: Dolin, Prague and Moravian Museum.
  • Khan, M. (1992). Development of surface water resources. In Rehabilitation of degraded arid ecosystem (pp. 136-143).
  • Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers. LANDSAT 8 (2013). Landsat missions. Retrieved from: https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-data-access?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0#qt-science_support_page_related_con
  • Marinos, P. & Hoek, E. (2000). GSI: A geologically friendly tool for rock mass strength estimation. In ISRM International Symposium. Salzburg: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
  • Palmstrom, A. (1982). The volumetric joint count; a useful and simple measure of the degree of rock mass jointing. International Association of Engineering Geology. Retrieved from: https://eurekamag.com/research/020/473/020473508.php
  • Palmstrom, A. (1995). RMi - a rock mass characterization system for rock engineering purposes. Oslo: University of Oslo.
  • Palmstrom, A. (2009). Combining the RMR, Q, and RMi classification systems. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 24(4), 491-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2008.12.002
  • Quirion, M. (2015). Daniel-Johnson multiple arch dam, Québec, Canada-Rock foundation safety assessment. In 13th ISRM International Congress of Rock Mechanics: Montreal, Canada 10-13 May 2015. Montreal: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
  • Rastegarnia, A., Lashkaripour, G.R., Ghafoori, M. & Farrokhad, S.S. (2019). Assessment of the engineering geological characteristics of the Bazoft dam site, SW Iran. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 52(3), 360-374. https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2017-042
  • Samra, J.S., Bansal, R.C., Sikka, A.K., Mittal, S.P. & Agnihotri, Y. (1995). Resources conservation through watershed management in Shiwalik foothills. Relmajra Bulletin, T-28/c-7.
  • Singh, J. & Thakur, M. (2019). Landslide stability assessment along Panchkula–Morni road, Nahan salient, NW Himalaya, India. Journal of Earth System Science, 128(6), 148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1181-y
  • Szafarczyk, A. (2019). Stages of geological documentation on the example of landslides located on the slopes of the dam reservoir “Swinna Poreba”(Poland). E&ES, 221(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012037
  • Wang, R. (2017). Study of scale effects of rock quality designation (RQD) measurements using a discrete fracture network approach. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
  • Williamson, D. & Kuhn, C. (1988). The unified rock classification system. Rock classification systems for engineering purposes. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
  • Xia, L., Zheng, Y. & Yu, Q. (2016). Estimation of the REV size for blockiness of fractured rock masses. Computers and Geotechnics, 76, 83-92.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-5bd1e2e8-a0be-4eef-b053-0bafe4361bc4
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