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The impact of northern Adriatic ports container throughput on air quality environmental parameters

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper seeks to highlight the impact of the increasing container throughput in northern Adriatic ports on air quality. A comparative analysis of air quality is given, which consist of certain environmental parameters at selected measuring stations near the container terminals of the northern Adriatic ports Rijeka, Trieste, Koper, and Venice. The parameters were analyzed based on a limited amount of air quality monitoring data for the port areas. As the port transport sector increases pollutant emissions, the results of these analyzes can also be used to take appropriate measures to reduce these particulate matter emissions. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of increasing the container throughput within the ports of the northern Adriatic Sea on air quality, based on certain environmental parameters related to the shipping or delivery of containers by road. The results of the research, based on available data, have shown that the increase in container throughput of the northern Adriatic ports has not decreased the air quality of urban areas of the respective port cities. The air quality value of the northern Adriatic ports is substantially below the limits set by the EU Air Quality Directive (2008/50), thus it does not affect the health of the inhabitants of the analyzed cities.
Rocznik
Strony
123--131
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
autor
  • University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
  • University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
  • University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
Bibliografia
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  • 4. ARPA FVG (2021) Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’ Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia. Rete Regionale di Rilevamento della Qualità dell’Aria – Serie Storiche. [Online]. Available from: http://www.arpaweb.fvg.it/qagis/ ariastor.asp [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
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  • 6. Citta’ di Venezia (2021) Rapporti annuali sulla qualità dell’aria | Comune di Venezia. [Online]. Available from: https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/stato-qualitdellaria [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 7. Corbett, J.J., Winebrake, J.J., Green, E.H. & Kasibhatla, P. (2007) Mortality from ship emissions: A global assessment. Environmental Science & Technology 41(24), pp. 8512–8518, doi: 10.1021/es071686z.
  • 8. Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature (2021) Kvaliteta zraka u Republici Hrvatskoj, Haop. [Online]. Available from: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/postaja.html?id=277 [Accessed: June 13, 2021].
  • 9. DHMZ (2021) Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Air quality. [Online]. Available from: https://meteo. hr/index_kz_e.php?tab=kz [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 10. European Commission (2013) Improving the ports and multimodal transport links of the northern Adriatic | Innovation and Networks Executive Agency. [Online]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/inea/en/ten-t/ten-t-project-implementation-successes/improving-ports-and-multimodal-transport-links-northern [Accessed: December 28, 2021].
  • 11. European Commission (2015) Urban air pollution: What are the main sources across the world? ScienceDaily, 1, European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
  • 12. European Parliament and Council of The European Union (2008) Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the European Union.
  • 13. European Parliament and Council of The European Union (2009) Directive 2009/33/EC of the European Parliament of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles. Official Journal of the European Union.
  • 14. Gobbi, G.P., di Liberto, L. & Barnaba, F. (2020) Impact of port emissions on EU-regulated and non-regulated air quality indicators: The case of Civitavecchia (Italy). Science of The Total Environment 719, 134984.
  • 15. Johansson, L., Jalkanen, J.-P. & Kukkonen, J. (2017) Global assessment of shipping emissions in 2015 on a high spatial and temporal resolution. Atmospheric Environment 167, pp. 403–415, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.042.
  • 16. Kegalj, I., Traven, L. & Bukša, J. (2018) Model of calculating a composite environmental index for assessing the impact of port processes on environment: a case study of container terminal. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, 591, doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6965-z.
  • 17. Lam, J.S.L. & Notteboom, T. (2014) The greening of ports: A comparison of port management tools used by leading ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews 34(2), pp. 169– 189, doi: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891162.
  • 18. Liu, Q. & Hoon Lim, S. (2017) Toxic air pollution and container port efficiency in the USA. Maritime Economics & Logistics 19(1), pp. 94–105, doi: 10.1057/mel.2015.29.
  • 19. Merico, E., Conte, M., Grasso, F.M., Cesari, D., Gambaro, A., Morabito, E., Gregoris, E., Orlando, S., AlebićJuretić, A., Zubak, V., Mifka, B. & Contini, D. (2020) Comparison of the impact of ships to size-segregated particle concentrations in two harbour cities of northern Adriatic Sea. Environmental Pollution 266, 3, 115175.
  • 20. Merico, E., Cesari, D., Gregoris, E., Gambaro, A., Cordella, M. & Contini, D. (2021) Shipping and air quality in Italian port cities: State-of-the-Art analysis of available results of estimated impacts. Atmosphere 12(5), 536, doi: 10.3390/atmos12050536.
  • 21. North Adriatic Ports Association (2013) About Napa – NAPA – North Adriatic Ports Association. [Online] Available from: https://www.portsofnapa.com/about-napa [Accessed: December 29, 2021].
  • 22. Trozzi, C. & Vaccaro, R. (2000) Environmental Impact of Port Activities. In: Brebbia, C.A. & Olivella, J. (Eds) Maritime Engineering and Ports II. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment 51, pp. 151–161.
  • 23. Petrlić, A. & Pavletić, N. (2019) Benchmarking analysis of factors influencing container traffic in the port of Rijeka. Pomorstvo 33(2), pp. 119–129, doi: 10.31217/P.33.2.1.
  • 24. Port of Koper (2021) Poslovna poročila – Luka Koper d.d. Koper. [Online]. Available from: https://www.luka-kp.si/ za-vlagatelje/poslovna-porocila/ [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 25. Port of Rijeka (2021) Port Authority – Statistika prometa. [Online]. Available from: https://www.portauthority.hr/ statistike-i-tarife/ [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 26. Port of Rijeka Authority (2021) Statistical data. [Online]. Available from: https://www.portauthority.hr/en/trafficstatistics/ [Accessed: December 29, 2021].
  • 27. Port of Venice (2017) North Adriatic Ports Association (NAPA). [Online]. Available from: https://www.port.venice. it/en/north-adriatic-ports-association-napa.html [Accessed: December 29, 2021].
  • 28. Port of Venice (2021) Port of Venice – Throughput Statistics.
  • 29. Primorsko-Goranska County (2019) PROGRAM zaštite zraka, ozonskog sloja, ublažavanja klimatskih promjena i prilagodbe klimatskim promjenama u Primorsko-goranskoj županiji za razdoblje 2019–2022. [Online]. Available from: https://www2.pgz.hr/doc/graditeljstvo/objedinjeni/2019- PGZ_program_zastita_zraka.pdf [Accessed: December 29, 2021].
  • 30. Project Study – Connected Traffic (2020) Project study. CEKOM Connected Traffic. Rijeka.
  • 31. Russo, F. & Comi, A. (2012) City characteristics and urban goods movements: A way to environmental transportation system in a sustainable city. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 39, pp. 61–73, doi: 10.1016/J.SBSPRO. 2012.03.091.
  • 32. Slovenian Environment Agency (2021) Zrak – poročila in publikacije. [Online] Available from: https://www.arso. gov.si/zrak/kakovost%20zraka/poro%c4%8dila%20in%20 publikacije/ [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 33. Sorte, S., Rodrigues, V., Borrego, C. & Monteiro, A. (2020) Impact of harbour activities on local air quality: A review. Environmental Pollution 257, 113542, doi: 10.1016/J. ENVPOL.2019.113542.
  • 34. Statistics | Eurostat (2021) Top 20 ports – volume (in TEUs) of containers handled in each port, by loading status (main ports). [Online]. Available from: https://ec.europa. eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/mar_mg_am_pvh/default/ table?lang=en [Accessed: December 28, 2021].
  • 35. Trieste Marine Terminal (2021) Statistics: Yearly Trend 2004–2020 in TEU. [Online]. Available from: https://www. trieste-marine-terminal.com/sites/default/files/attachment/ Statistics%20-%20History%202004-2020_0.pdf [Accessed: December 31, 2021].
  • 36. Urbanyi-Popiołek, I. & Klopott, M. (2016) Container terminals and port city interface – A study of Gdynia and Gdańsk Ports. Transportation Research Procedia 16, pp. 517–526, doi: 10.1016/J.TRPRO.2016.11.049.
  • 37. Verhoeven, P. (2010) A review of port authority functions: Towards a renaissance? Maritime Policy and Management 37(3), pp. 247–270, doi: 10.1080/03088831003700645. traffic flow land segment analysis as part of the redirection justification.
  • 38. Vilke, S., Brčić, D. & Kos, S. (2017) Northern and Southern European TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 11(4), pp. 673–679, doi: 10.12716/1001.11.04.14.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-5ad28a2a-1e68-4f4a-8327-d2f76ae7041c
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