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Generally, 2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine or cyanuric triazide (CTA) is obtained from the synthetic process as long, sharp edged crystals or fine/ agglomerated particles. These are very sensitive and not suitable for detonator filling, leading to poor performance. We report herein a method for the preparation of uniformly shaped and sized particles of CTA with a free-flowing crystalline nature suitable for detonator applications. The uniformly shaped free-flowing CTA crystals are obtained by emulsion crystallization using a non-solvent at elevated temperature. The free-flowing CTA particles prepared were characterized using spectroscopy, SEM, and particle size analysis techniques. The results show that the CTA crystals obtained by emulsion crystallization are smooth surfaced, nearly spherical grains with a free-flowing nature. Furthermore, the results show that CTA crystals have a higher bulk density (BD) compared with normal CTA crystals prepared by crash precipitation. The thermal behaviour of the CTA crystals obtained by emulsification crystallization was investigated by conducting experiments such as DSC and using an explosion temperature tester.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
785--797
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune-411 021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune-411 021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune-411 021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune-411 021, India
Bibliografia
- [1] Fedoroff B.T, Sheffield O.E, Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, 1966, Vol. 3, 217-223.
- [2] Davis T.L., The Chemistry of Powder and Explosives, Angriff Press, Hollywood, CA, 1943, p. 401.
- [3] Curtius T., Neues Vom Stickstoffwasserstoff, Chem. Ber. 1891, 24, 3341-3349; DOI: 10.1002/cber.189102402192.
- [4] Herz E.V., Beilstein, 1914, 6, 405.
- [5] Jenkins J.M., White J.R., Basic azide of lead as safe primary explosives, Proc. Int. Conference on Research in Primary Explosives, ERDE, Waltham Abbey, England, 1975.
- [6] Guchan R.Mc., Improvements in Primary Explosive Compositions and Their Manufacture, Proc. 10th Symposium on Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 1979, 1.
- [7] Bates, L.R., Jenkins J.M., Search for New Detonant, Proc. Int. Conference on Research in Primary Explosive, ERDE, Waltham, UK, March, 1975, 1-14.
- [8] Meyer R., Explosives, Wiley-VCH, Germany, 6th ed., 2007; ISBN: 978-3-527-31656-4.
- [9] Dreizen E., Metal-based Reactive Nanomaterials, Prog. in Energy and Comb. Sci., 2009, 35, 141-167.
- [10] Huynh M., Hiskey M, Meyer T., Wetzler M., Green Primaries: Environmentally Friendly Energetic Complexes, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2006, 103, 5409-5412.
- [11] Ott E., Ohse E., Zur Kenntnis Einfacher Cyan- Und Cyanurverbindungen. II. Über Das Cyanurtriazid, (C3N12), Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1921, 54, 179; DOI: 10.1002/cber.19210540202
- [12] (a) Hughes, E.W., The Crystal Structure of Cyanuric Triazide, J. Chem. Phys., 1935, 3, p-1; (b) Knaggs I.E., The Crystal Structure of Cyanuric Triazide, Proc. R. Soc. (London), 1935, A150, 576.
- [13] Kessenich E., Klapötke T.M., Noeth H., Schulz A., Characterization, Crystal Structure of 2,4-Bis(triphenylphosphanimino)tetrazolo[5,1-a]-[1,3,5]triazine, and Improved Crystal Structure of 2,4,6-Triazido-1,3,5-triazine, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 1998, 1998(12), 2013-2016.
- [14] Yoffe A.D., Thermal Decomposition and Explosion of Azides, Proc. Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1951, 208, 188-199.
- [15] Mehta N., Cheng G., Cordaro E.A., Hu C., Lateer R., Stec D. III, Duddu R.G., Dave P.R., Yang K., Lead Free Detonator and Composition, U.S. Patent, US 7981225 B1, 2011.
- [16] Anniyappan M., Gore G.M., Sikder A.K., Studies on Cyanuric Triazide (CTA) as Green Primary Explosive, New Trends Res. Energ. Mater., Proc. Semin. 15th, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic, April 2012, 68-74.
- [17] Talawar M.B., Agrawal A.P., Anniyappan M., Wani D.S., Bansode M.K., Gore G.M., Primary Explosives: Electrostatic Discharge Initiation, Additive Effect and its Relation to Thermal and Explosive Characteristics, J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, 137, 1074-1078.
- [18] Heijden AVD., Horst J., Kendrick J., Kim K.-J., Kröber H., Simon F., Teipel U., Crystallisation, in: Energetic Materials: Particle Processing and Characterization, (Teipel U., Ed.), Wiley-VCH, 2005, 53-157; DOI: 10.1002/3527603921.ch3
- [19] Kissinger H.E., Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis,, Anal. Chem., 1957, 29, 1702-1706.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-5aa57c7e-5877-44d6-bfcc-6a3199da7049