Use of Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Hydrochemical Data for the Identification of the Geochemical Processes in the Tirana-Fushe Kuqe Alluvial Aquifer, North-Western Albania

Raço, Endri; Beqiraj, Arjan; Cenameri, Sabina; Jahja, Aurela

doi:10.12911/22998993/151073

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Tytuł artykułu

Use of Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Hydrochemical Data for the Identification of the Geochemical Processes in the Tirana-Fushe Kuqe Alluvial Aquifer, North-Western Albania

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Raço Endri , Beqiraj Arjan , Cenameri Sabina , Jahja Aurela

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DOI

10.12911/22998993/151073

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Abstrakty

During the research, 71 groundwater samples were collected over a 300 km² area of Tirana-Fushe Kuqe alluvial aquifer extension (central-western Albania) and subsequently analyzed for 11 parameters (pH, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^-, Cl^-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, TH and TDS). Both geochemical conventional (Piper and Chadha diagrams) methods of groundwater classification and multivariate statistical (principal components analysis – PCA and hierarchical cluster analysis – HCA) methods were applied to the dataset to evidence the geochemical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry evaluation through the aquifer. The conventional geochemical methods revealed four (G1–G4) hydrochemical groups where the dominant group is G2 the samples of which are from unconfined to semiconfined recharge zone and the majority of them have Ca-Mg-HCO₃ groundwater. Group G3 includes the samples from the confined coastal aquifer having Na-Cl groundwater. Group G1 includes three groundwater samples of Ca-Mg-SO₄ from the central part of the aquifer, while group G4, the samples of which are spatially located between G3 and G2 zones, has Na-HCO₃ groundwater. The first four components of the PCA account for 85.35% of the total variance. Component PC1 is characterized by very high positive loadings of TH, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, suggesting the importance of dissolution processes in the aquifer recharge zone. Component PC2 is characterized by very high positive loadings in Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^-and moderate to high loadings of TDS, revealing the involvement of seawater intrusion and diffusion from clay layers. On the basis of their variable loadings, the first two components are defined as the “hardness” and “salinity”, respectively. The HCA produced four geochemically distinct clusters, C1–C4. The samples of cluster C1 are from the coastal confined aquifer and their groundwater belongs to the Na-Cl type. The samples from cluster C2 are located in the south and east recharge areas and most of them have Ca–Mg–HCO₃ groundwater, while the samples from cluster C3, which are located in the northeastern recharge zone, have Mg-Ca–HCO₃ groundwater. Finally, cluster C4 includes two groundwater subgroups having Na-Cl-HCO₃ and Na-Mg-Cl-HCO₃ groundwater in the vicinity of cluster C1 as well as Na-HCO₃-Cl and Na-Mg-HCO₃-Cl groundwater next to cluster C2 and C3.

Słowa kluczowe

Tirana-Fushe Kuqe aquifer groundwater multivariate analysis principal component analysis hierarchical cluster analysis

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Lublin University of Technology

Czasopismo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

Rocznik

2022

Tom

Vol. 23, nr 8

Strony

327--340

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 56 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Raço Endri

e.raco@fimif.edu.al

Mathematical Engineering Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Sulejman Delvina St., Tirana, Albania

autor

Beqiraj Arjan

Earth Sciences Departament, Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Street Elbasani, Tirana, Albania

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-8393

autor

Cenameri Sabina

EU Support to Integrated Water Management in Albania Project, Street Pjeter Budi, Tirana, Albania

autor

Jahja Aurela

Earth Sciences Departament, Faculty of Geology and Mining, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Street Elbasani, Tirana, Albania

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Bibliografia

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