Operational problems of ethylene transport by LPG gas carriers

• Autorzy: Wieczorek Agnieszka , Giernalczyk Mariusz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/kones-2019-0023

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Ethylene is one of the basic raw materials of the petrochemical industry used for the production of plastics, mainly plastic packaging. The USA is the largest producer of this compound. The enormous increase in demand for Ethylene has been observed in recent years in China as well as in the Middle and Far East. This caused an unprecedented increase in the demand for transport of this cargo by sea. Ethylene carriers for its transport are special construction LPG vessels, having a cascade cycle with Propylene medium (less often the refrigerant R 404 A). They have been designed in such a way as to withstand a working pressure of up to 5.4 bar, and the minimum temperature of the transported load is minus 104⁰C for fully cooled Ethylene. This cargo is explosive in the mixture with air (within concentrations of 2.75-2.6%) and during heating under elevation pressure. Therefore, it is required to transport Ethylene in with an inert gas, most often Nitrogen. During the operation of LPG carriers carrying Ethylene, processes of aeration, inerting, gassing-up, cooling tanks and a cargo are repeatedly carried out. The most problematic to carry is gassing-up operation, because it is associated with significant amounts of Ethylene loss, this causes large financial losses. In the article, the authors attempted to diagnose the most serious problems during carrying out the most important for cargo loss the cargo handling operations.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

gassing-up; gas mixing; LPG carriers; Ethylene; Nitrogen

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 26, No. 1
• Strony: 191--197
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 10 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Wieczorek Agnieszka

• Gdynia Maritime University, Marine Power Plants Department Morska Street 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland tel.: [phone]

autor

Giernalczyk Mariusz

• Gdynia Maritime University, Marine Power Plants Department Morska Street 83, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland tel.: [phone]

Bibliografia

• [1] Włodarskie, J. K., Bezpieczeństwo Transportu Gazów Skroplonych Na Zbiornikowcach, Poradnik dla oficerów statków morskich, Studium Doskonalenia Kadr S.C. Wyższej Szkoły Morskiej, Gdynia 1993.
• [2] McGuire and White, Liquefied Gas Handling Principles On Ships and in Terminals, Witherby&Co Ltd, London 2000.
• [3] Nanowski, D., Analiza Wydajności Chłodniczej Kaskadowego Obiegu Skraplania Etylenu i Stanu Izolacji Zbiorników Ładunkowych Podczas Transportu Ładunku na Gazowcu LPG oPojemności 22500m3, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej 290, Mechanika,RUTM, T. XXXI, Z. 86 (2/14), pp. 225-230, 2014.
• [4] Portable Gas Monitor GX-8000 Operating Manual.
• [5] Ship owner’s data, London 2018.
• [6] Ship owner’s documentation, London 2015.
• [7] Nanowski, D., The Influence of Incondensible Gases on the Refrigeration Capacity of The Reliquefaction Plant During Ethylene Carriage by Sea, Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, No. 3, pp. 359-364, 2016.
• [8] Serwiński, M., Zasady inżynierii chemicznej i procesowej, Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne, Warszawa 1982.
• [9] Wieczorek, A., The problem of insufficiently optimal gassing-up operation carrying after tanks inerting with reference to ethylene carriers, Scientific Journal of Gdynia Maritime University, No. 100, pp. 179-186, Gdynia 2017.
• [10] Wieczorek, A., Giernalczyk, M., Optimization of gassing-up operation based on comparative analysis of two twin ethylene carriers, Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 441-446, 2018.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).