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Willingness to defend one's own country and to resist in the Baltic states

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
This article addresses the question of willingness to defend one’s own country and a similar notion of resistance, should Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia be attacked. The study principally relies on quantitative data from a dedicated nationally representative survey across all three countries. The data acquired thereof reaffirm findings from previous studies concluding that the highest level of willingness to defend one’s own country is in Estonia, while it is lower in Latvia and in Lithuania. Asked if and how respondents would resist in case of an attack, more willingness to resist either non-violently or violently was expressed by respondents in Lithuania, ahead of the number of willing to do so in Estonia and more so in Latvia. Demographic background of the respondents visualized and discussed in the article provides further nuances of both research questions. While situation with the willingness to defend Estonia is relatively comfortable, this should not be treated as a reason for complacency. There is still room for progress within some groups of the society. Meanwhile, valuable lessons could be drawn for policies of Latvia and more so of Lithuania to avert some of the less flattery trends identifed in this study.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
15--30
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 51 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Riga Stradins University, Latvia
  • Latvian Institute of International Affairs, Latvia
  • Riga Stradins University, Latvia
  • Latvian Institute of International Affairs, Latvia
Bibliografia
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  • 2. Andžāns, M. and Sprūds, A. (forthcoming) ‘Three Decades’ Evolution of Willingness to Defend One’s Own Country: the Case of the Baltic States’, Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review.
  • 3. Bērziņa, I. and Zupa, U. (2020) Latvijas sabiedrības griba aizstāvēt valsti: veicinošie un kavējošie faktori [Willingness to defend the state in Latvian society: promoting and inhibiting factors]. Riga: National Defence Academy of Latvia. Center for Security and Strategic Research. Available at: https://www.naa.mil.lv/sites/n... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 4. European Values Study (2013a) EVS 1990 - Variable Report Integrated Dataset. European Values Study and GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4232/... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • CrossRef
  • 5. European Values Study (2013b) EVS 1999 - Variable Report Integrated Dataset. European Values Study and GESIS Data Archive for the Social Sciences. Available at: https://dbk.gesis.org/dbksearc... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 6. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2003a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 7. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2003b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 8. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2003c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 9. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2004a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 10. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2004b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 11. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2004c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 12. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2005a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 13. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2005b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 14. Faktum Uuringukeskus (2005c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 15. Inglehart, R., Haerpfer, C., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin E., Puranen, B. et al. (eds) (2014a) World Values Survey: Round Three - Country-Pooled Datafile Version. Madrid: JD Systems Institute. Available at: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.o... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 16. Inglehart, R., Haerpfer, C., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin E., Puranen, B. et al. (eds) (2014b) World Values Survey: Round Six - Country-Pooled Datafile Version. Madrid: JD Systems Institute. Available at: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.o... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 17. Ramonaitė, A., Petronytė-Urbonavičienė, L., Skirkevičius, P. and Vosylius, E. (2018) Kas eitu, ginti Lietuvos?: pilietinio pasipriešinimo prielaidos ir galimybe’s [Who would go to defend Lithuania?: Preconditions and possibilities of civil resistance]. Vilnius: Aukso žuvys.
  • 18. Riigikogu (2017) National Security Concept of Estonia. Available at: https://www.kaitseministeerium... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 19. Rutkauskas, V. (2018) ‘Factors Affecting Willingness to Fight for One’s Own Country: The Case of Baltic States’. Special Operations Journal, 4(1), pp. 48–62. doi: 10.1080/23296151.2018.1456286.
  • 20. Saar Poll (2011) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020)
  • 21. Saar Poll (2012a) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 22. Saar Poll (2012b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 23. Saar Poll (2013a) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 24. Saar Poll (2013b) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 25. Saar Poll (2014) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 26. Saeima (2019) Par Nacionālās drošības koncepcijas apstiprināšanu [On the Approval of the National Security Concept]. Available at: https://likumi.lv/ta/id/309647... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 27. Seimas (2017) National Security Strategy of the Republic of Lithuania. Available at: https://kam.lt/download/57457/... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 28. SKDS (2016) Latvijas iedzīvotāju viedoklis par valsts aizsardzības jautājumiem [Opinion of Latvian inhabitants on state defence issues]. Available at: https://www.mod.gov.lv/sites/m... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 29. Turu-uuringute (2001a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 30. Turu-uuringute (2001b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 31. Turu-uuringute (2001c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 32. Turu-uuringute (2002a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 33. Turu-uuringute (2002b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 34. Turu-uuringute (2002c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 35. Turu-uuringute (2006a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 36. Turu-uuringute (2006b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020)..
  • 37. Turu-uuringute (2006c) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 38. Turu-uuringute (2007a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 39. Turu-uuringute (2007b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 40. Turu-uuringute (2008) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 41. Turu-uuringute (2009a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 42. Turu-uuringute (2009b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 43. Turu-uuringute (2010a) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 44. Turu-uuringute (2010b) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 45. Turu-uuringute (2011) Avalik arvamus ja riigikaitse [Public Opinion and National Defence]. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 46. Turu-uuringute (2014) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 47. Turu-uuringute (2016) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 48. Turu-uuringute (2018) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 49. Turu-uuringute (2019) Public Opinion and National Defence. Available at: http://www.kmin.ee/sites/defau... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
  • 50. Vileikienė, E. and Janušauskienė, D. (2016) ‘Subjective Security in a Volatile Geopolitical Situation: Does Lithuanian Society Feel Safe?’ Journal on Baltic Security, 2(2), pp. 109–143. doi: 10.1515/jobs-2016-0047.
  • CrossRef
  • 51. WIN/Gallup International (2015) WIN/Gallup International Global Survey Shows Three in Five Willing to Fight for Their Country. Available at: http://gallup.com.pk/wp-conten... (Accessed: 1 March 2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-58dbaa4e-efc7-4681-a1a7-5983bf1e3aa1
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