Production of zinc oxide thin films and crystals in different deposition times and investigation of their structural, optical and electronic properties

• Autorzy: Kangarlou Haleh , Esmaili Parisa

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/msp-2019-0007

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

An aqueous colloidal solution was prepared at 80 °C and pH = 9 from suitable chemical compounds to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals and thin films. The ZnO crystals were grown in the colloidal solution under special conditions. Their micrographs showed ZnO rods with hexagonal structure. The number of the rods, increased over time. The ZnO thin films were produced on glass substrates in the same colloidal solution using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method in different deposition times. The produced films were post-annealed for about one hour at 400 °C. Crystalline structure, phase transitions and nanostructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ZnO wurtzite structure was dominant, and by increasing the deposition time, the films became more crystalline. Nanostructure of the films changed from rod to wire and transformed into pyramid-like structures. Also, morphology of the films changed and re-nucleation ocurred. Optical reflectance was measured in the wavelength of 300 nm to 800 nm with a spectrophotometer. Other optical properties and optical band gaps were calculated using Kramers-Kronig relation on reflectivity curves. Second harmonic generation was calculated by Z-scan technique. Nonlinear refraction and real part of susceptibilities were obtained. Both positive and negative nonlinear refractions appeared in the ZnO films. It is important for the use in optoelectronic devices. Electronic properties were assessed by the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method, within density functional theory (DFT). In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. The band gap structure and density of states were calculated.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

zinc oxide; phase transitions; spectroscopy; colloidal solution; Kramers-Kronig relation

• Wydawca: De Gruyter
• Czasopismo: Materials Science Poland
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 37, No. 1
• Strony: 90--99
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kangarlou Haleh

• Department of Physics, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

autor

Esmaili Parisa

• Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran

Bibliografia

• [1] RYU R.Y., LEE S.T., LUBGUBANETAL J.A., Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (2005), 153504.
• [2] KUO M.L., POXSON D.J., KIM Y.S., MONT F.W., KIM J.K., SCHUBERT E F., LIN S.Y., Opt. Lett., 33 (2008), 2527.
• [3] BOUHAFS D., MOUSSI A., CHIKOUCHE A., RUIZ J.M., Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 52 (1998), 79.
• [4] KIM J.K., CHHAJED S., SCHUBERT M.F., SCHUBERT E.F., FISCHER A.J., CRAWFORD M.H., CHO J., KIM H., SONE C., Adv. Mater., 20 (2008), 801.
• [5] CHEN L., YANG H., TAO M., ZHOU W., Proc. SPIE, 7046 (2008), 704608.
• [6] LEE Y.J., RUBY D.S., PETERS D.W., MCKENZIE B.B., HSU J.W.P., Nano Lett., 8 (2008), 1501.
• [7] TANG Y.B., CHEN Z.H., SONG H.S., LEE C.S., CONG H.T., CHENG H.M., ZHANG W.J., BELLO I., LEE S.T., Nano Lett., 8 (2008), 4191.
• [8] CHEN J.Y., SUN K.W., Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C., 94 (2010), 930.
• [9] KASHEF M., USMAN ALI M.S., ABDULGAFOUR M.E., HASHIM H.I., WILLANDER U., HASSAN M., Phys. Status Solidi A, 209 (2012), 143.
• [10] LI B.S., LIU Y.C., SHEN D.Z., ZHANG J.Y., LU Y.M., FAN X.W., Cryst. Growth, 249 (2003), 179.
• [11] WANG L., ZHANG X., ZHAO S., ZHOU G., ZHOU Y., QI J., Appl. Phys. Lett., 86 (2005), 024108.
• [12] DENG B., YAN X., WEI Q., GAO W., Mater. Charact., 58 (2007), 854.
• [13] CHEN Z., TANG Y., ZHANG L., LUO L., Acta, 51 (2006), 5870.
• [14] SHEN W., ZHAO Y., ZHANG C., Thin Solid Films, 483 (2005), 382.
• [15] KANGARLOU H., MOTALLEBI AGHGONBAD M., ABDOLLAHI A., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Proc., 1 (2015), 1.
• [16] KANGARLOU H., MOTALLEBI AGHGONBAD M., Optik, 125 (2014), 5532.
• [17] SINGH D. J., Plane Waves, Pseudo potentials and the LAPW Method, Kluwer Academic Publishers, BostonDordrecht-London, 1994.
• [18] NEWMANN U., GRUNWALD R., GRIEDNER U., STEINMEYER G., Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 (2004), 170.
• [19] WANG G., KIEHNE G.T., WONG G.K.L., KETTERSON J.B., LIU X., CHANG R.P.H., Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (2002), 401.
• [20] BAHAE M S., SAID A.A., STRYLAND VAN E.W., Opt. Lett., 14 (1989), 955.
• [21] BAHAE M.S., SAID A.A., WEI T.H., HAGAN D.J., STRYLAND VAN E.W., IEEE J. Quantum Elect., 14 (1990), 760.
• [22] GONCALVES R.S., BARROZO P., CUNHA F., Thin Solid Films, 616 (2016), 265.
• [23] KANGARLOU H., NASSERI L., TOHIDI T., J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2 (2012), 4807.
• [24] WEN L., LEE. L., Mater. Chem. Phys., 110(2008), 393.
• [25] KANGARLOU H., RAFIZADEH S., Opt. Spectrosc.+, 16 (2014), 1149.
• [26] BAHAE M.S., SAID A.A., TAI-HUEI W., DAVID J.H., STRYLAND VAN E.W., IEEE J. Quantum Elect., 26 (1990), 4.
• [27] PERDEW J.P., CHEVARY J.A., VOSKO S.H., JACKSON K.A., PEDERSON M.R., SINGH D.J., FIOLHAIS C., Phys. Rev. B, 46 (1992), 6671.
• [28] PERDEW J.P., RUZSINSZKY A., CSONKA G.I., VYDROV O.A., SCUSERIA G.E., CONSTANTIN L.A., ZHOU X., BURKE K., Phys., Rev. Lett., 100 (2008), 136406.
• [29] BLAHA P., SCHWARZ K., WIEN2k, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 2009.
• [30] KISI E.H., ELCOMBE M.M., Acta Crystallogr. C, 45 (1989), 1867.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).