Sustainable university campus design guidelines – towards future-oriented landscapes

• Autorzy: Staniewska Anna , Maj Anna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.21005/pif.2025.63.D-02

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wskazówki do projektowania zrównoważonych kampusów uniwersyteckich – ku krajobrazom przyszłości

• Języki publikacji: EN PL

Abstrakty

EN

Universities around the world are taking steps to balance their activities in order to reduce the nega-tive impact of their activities on the environment. Sustainable landscape design of university cam-puses is a current design and management challenge. Based on the strategies and action plans of foreign universities, the article formulates the most important guidelines for environmentally con-scious landscape design and biodiversity enhancement of university campuses in Poland by group-ing them into four areas of ecosystem services. It is noted that more regulatory and supportive measures should be introduced, and new aspects are emerging in the area of cultural services.

PL

Uniwersytety na całym świecie podejmują działania równoważenia swojej działalności w celu ograniczenia negatywnego wpływu swojej działalności na środowisko. Zrównoważone projektowanie krajobrazów kampusów uniwersyteckich jest aktualnym wyzwaniem w zakresu projektowania i zarządzania. W artykule na podstawie strategii i planów działania uniwersytetów zagranicznych sformułowano najważniejsze wytyczne do świadomego ekologicznie projektowania krajobrazu i zwiększenia bioróżnorodności kampusów uniwersyteckich w Polsce grupując je w czterech obszarach usług ekosystemowych. Zauważono, że powinno się wprowadzać więcej działań o charakterze regulacyjnym i wspierającym oraz pojawiają się nowe aspekty w obszarze usług kulturowych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

biodiversity; learning landscape; sustainable university; university campus

PL

bioróżnorodność; kampus uniwersytecki; krajobraz edukacyjny; zrównoważony uniwersytet

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie
• Czasopismo: Przestrzeń i Forma
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: nr 63
• Strony: 153--176
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 68 poz., fot., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Staniewska Anna

• Politechnika Krakowska, Wydział Architektury, Katedra Architektury Krajobrazu, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4003-8025

autor

Maj Anna

• Politechnika Krakowska, Wydział Architektury, Katedra Architektury Krajobrazu, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6421-2133

Bibliografia

• [1] Alberti C., Civera A., Lehmann, E. E., Meoli M., Otto J. and Paleari S. (2025) ‘University sustainability rankings: a critical literature review on the UI GreenMetric ranking system’, The Journal of Technology Transfer, DOI: 10.1007/s10961-025-10223-9.
• [2] Alves S., Betrabet Gulwadi G., Nilsson P. (2022) ‘An Exploration of How Biophilic Attributes on Campuses Might Support Student Connectedness to Nature, Others, and Self’, Front. Psychol. 12: 793175, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.793175.
• [3] Amaral A. R., Rodrigues E., Gaspar A. R. and Gomes Á. (2020) ‘A review of empirical data of sustainability initiatives in university campus operations’, Journal of Cleaner Production, [online] 250, p.119558. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119558.
• [4] Amistadi L., Bradecki T., Uherek-Bradecka B., (2023) ‘Resilient university campus in the city in COVID and post-COVID era—recommendations, guidelines, and evidence from research in Italy and Poland,. Urban Des. Int 28, pp.141–151, DOI:10.1057/s41289-022-00211-y.
• [5] Barnett-Itzhaki Z., Tifferet S., Berkowic D., Arviv T., Daya A., Carasso Romano G. H. and Levi A. (2025) ‘Strategies and challenges for green campuses’, Front. Sustain. Cities, 7: 1469274. DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2025.1469274.
• [6] Böhm A., (2008) ‘Miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego III Kampusu UJ’, Czasopismo Techniczne, 1-a, pp. 69–76.
• [7] Bott H. (2018) ‘City and University—An Architect’s Notes on an Intriguing Spatial Relationship’ In: Meusburger, P., Heffernan, M., Suarsana, L. (eds) Geographies of the University. Knowledge and Space, vol 12. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-75593-9_12.
• [8] Brandli L., Salvia A., da Rocha V., Mazutti J., Reginatto G., (2019) ‘The Role of Green Areas in University Campuses: Contribution to SDG 4 and SDG 15 (Berlin)’, In: Leal Filho, W. e (Ed.), Universities as Living Labs for Sustainable Development, World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham, pp. 47–68. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-15604-6_4.
• [9] Brunel University of London. (2025) Biodiversity Action Plan 2024–2029. London: Brunel University London. Available at: https://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/environment-and-sustainability/documents/pdf/Brunel-Biodi-versity-Action-Plan-2024-2029.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [10] Collins C., Haase D., Heiland S., Kabisch N., (2022) ‘Urban green space interaction and wellbeing - investigating the experience of international students in Berlin during the first COVID-19 lockdown’, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 70. DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127543.
• [11] Dawodu A., Dai H., Zou T., Zhou H., Lian W., Oladejo J., Osebor F., (2022) ‘Campus sustainability research: indicators and dimensions to consider for the design and assessment of a sustainable campus’, Heliyon 8 (12), e11864. DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11864.
• [12] Ding X., Zhao S., Yue X., Xing Y. and Zhao Z. (2024) ‘Design factors promoting the benefits of an edible campus in China’, Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 8:1267894, DOI:10.3389/fsufs.2024.1267894.
• [13] Ding Y., Lee C., Chen X., Song Y., Newman G., Lee R., Lee S., Li D. and Sohn, W. (2024) ‘Exploring the association between campus environment of higher education and student health: A systematic review of findings and measures.’, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, [online] 91, p.128168. DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128168.
• [14] Działek J., Homiński B., Miśkowiec M., Świgost-Kapocsi A., Gwosdz K. (2024) ‘The assessment of the quality of campus public spaces as key parts of the learning landscape: experience from a crowdsensing study on the Third Campus of Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland’, URBAN Des. Int., pp. 1–16, DOI:10.1057/s41289-023-00224-1.
• [15] Działek, J., Jarecka-Bidzińska, E., Staniewska, A. and Téoule, F. (2025) ‘(Re)greening transition of academic green spaces as a response to social and environmental challenges: The role of bottom-up initiatives’, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, [online] 105, p.128692. DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128692.
• [16] Edible Campus UNC, The University of North Carolina, https://ncbg.unc.edu/engagement/edible-campus-unc, Accessed 14 July 2025.
• [17] Fiene K., Sabbatini, R. (2011) ‘A Tale of Three Campuses: Planning and Design in Response to Cultural Heritage at Mills College, the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University’, Planning for Higher Education, Volume 39, Number 3, April - May, pp. 110-138.
• [18] Franaszek P. (ed.) (2020) Kampus 600-lecia Odnowienia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
• [19] Goldmark S., Raucher, L., Cardenas A. (2023) ‘Building a Circular Campus: Consumption, Net Zero Emissions, and Environmental Justice at Barnard College’ In: Rivera Maulucci M. S., Pfirman S., Callahan H. S. (eds) Transforming Education for Sustainability. Environmental Discourses in Science Education, vol 7. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_20.
• [20] Góral A., Wrona S., Jałocha B., Jedynak M. (2024) ‘University living labs: Tools for green transition and sustainable development’, Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, 17 (54), pp.73–91, DOI:10.33119/JMFS.2024.54.4.
• [21] Gumprecht, B. (2007) ‘The campus as a public space in the American college town’, Journal of Historical Geography, 33 (1), pp. 72–103, DOI:10.1016/j.jhg.2005.12.001.
• [22] Haines-Young R., Potschin M. B. (2018) ‘Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V5.1 and guidance on the application of the revised structure’. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. http://www.cices.eu. Accessed: July 16, 2025.
• [23] Heriot-Watt University. (2020) Edinburgh Campus Biodiversity Action Plan 2020. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University. Available at: https://www.hw.ac.uk/documents/biodiversity-action-plan-2021.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [24] Kampus Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku - Marek Budzynski architekt sp. z o.o. (b. d.). marek budzynski architekt sp. z o.o. http://mbarch.pl/kampus-uniwersytetu-w-bialymstoku/, accessed July 10, 2025.
• [25] Kapecki T. (2015) O architekturze szkół wyższych w Polsce na początku XXI wieku, Wydawnictwo. Politechniki Krakowskiej, Kraków.
• [26] Kapecki T. (2020) ‘Architektura szkół wyższych w Polsce. Współczesne trendy w projektowaniu kampusów akademickich’, Prace Geograficzne, Zeszyt 162, pp. 13-30, DOI:10.4467/20833113PG.20.010.13097.
• [27] Kapp P. H. (2018) ‘The University Campus in the United States—As a Designed Work to Produce Knowledge; and as an Artefact of Cultural Heritage’, Built Heritage, 2, pp. 49–65, DOI:10.1186/BF03545702.
• [28] Kulczyńska K., Borowicz N., Piwnicka-Wdowikowska, K. (2020) ‘Kampus Uniwersytecki Morasko w Poznaniu – geneza, struktura przestrzenno-funkcjonalna, obsługa transportowa’, Prace Geograficzne, Zeszyt 163, pp. 7-32, DOI:10.4467/20833113PG.20.018.13214.
• [29] Liprini R. M., Coetzee N. (2017) ‘The relationship between students’ perceptions of the University of Pretoria’s on-campus green spaces and attention restoration’, Human Geographies – Journal of Studies and research in Human Geography, 11 (2), pp.155–167, DOI:10.5719/hgeo.2017.112.2.
• [30] Live Baltic Campus Development Ideas Book, 2017, Live Baltic Campus, Helsinki, http://livebalticcam-pus.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/LBC_Development-Ideas-Book.pdf.
• [31] Loi M. (2020) ‘Origins and Development of the American Campus: The “Academical Village” of Thomas Jefferson’ In: Della Torre S., Bocciarelli M., Daglio L., Neri, R. (eds) Buildings for Education. Research for Development. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-33687-5_8.
• [32] Lu M., & Fu J. (2019) ‘Attention Restoration Space on a University Campus: Exploring Restorative Campus Design Based on Environmental Preferences of Students, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (14), 2629. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16142629.
• [33] Marshall C. A. M., Wilkinson M. T., Hadfield P. M., Rogers S. M., Shanklin J. D., Eversham B. C., Healey R., Kranse O. P., Preston C. D., Coghill S. J., McGonigle K. L., Moggridge G. D., Pilbeam P. G., Marza A. C., Szigecsan D., Mitchell J., Hicks M. A., Wallis S. M., Xu Z., Toccaceli F., McLennan C. M. and Eves‐van den Akker S. (2023) ‘Urban wildflower meadow planting for biodiversity, climate and society: An evaluation at King’s College, Cambridge’, Ecological Solutions and Evidence, [online] 4 (2). DOI:10.1002/2688-8319.12243.
• [34] McFarland A. L., Waliczek T. M., Zajicek J. M. (2008) ‘The relationship between student use of campus green spaces and perceptions of quality of life’, Horttechnology, American Society for Horticultural Science, 18 (2), pp. 232–238, [online] Available at: https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/horttech/18/2/article-p232.pdf.
• [35] McGill University. (2023) Biodiversity Plan 2030. Montreal: McGill University. Available at: https://www.mcgill.ca/sustainability/files/sustainability/mcgill_biodiversity_plan_2023.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [36] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press. https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf.
• [37] Olin L. (2013) ‘The Campus: An American Landscape’, SiteLINES: A Journal of Place, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 3–10. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24889429. Accessed 14 July 2025.
• [38] Penn State University. (2024) University Park Campus Sustainable Landscape Implementation Plan, February 2024. University Park, PA: Penn State University. Available at: https://www.opp.psu.edu/sites/opp/files/2024-04/sustainable_landscape_implementation_plan.pdf (Accessed: 9 July 2025).
• [39] Politechnika Białostocka. (2022) Strategia Zielona PB. Białystok: Politechnika Białostocka. Available at: https://pb.edu.pl/moja-zielona-politechnika/wp-content/uploads/sites/106/2023/07/Strategia_Zielona_PB_15_12_2022.pdf.
• [40] Politechnika Gdańska. (2024) Strategia wdrażania CZR i SOU. Gdańsk: Politechnika Gdańska. Available at: https://cdn.files.pg.edu.pl/main/CAS/Strategia%20wdra%C5%BCania%20CZR%20i%20SOU/Strate-gia%20wdra%C5%BCania%20CZR%20i%20SOU.pdf.
• [41] Ponti S., Guglielmin M.(2023) ‘How can the floor area types of a university campus mitigate the increase of urban air temperature?’, Landsc. Ecol. Eng., 19, pp. 485–501. DOI:10.1007/s11355-023-00553-x.
• [42] Ribeiro P., Fonseca F. and Meireles T. (2020) ‘Sustainable mobility patterns to university campuses: Evaluation and constraints’, Case Studies on Transport Policy, [online] 8 (2), pp. 639–647. DOI:10.1016/j.cstp.2020.02.005.
• [43] Sachse E. & Co and Casimir Bohn. View of the University of Virginia, Charlottesville & Monticello, Taken From Lewis Mountain. Washington, D. C.: Published by C. Bohn, 1856. Accessed.
• [44] Sikorski M., Jackowski S., Matysiak K. (2020) Przestrzenie uniwersytetu. Trendy. Wizje. Standardy projektowania, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa.
• [45] Siu Yu Lau S., Gou Z., Liu Y. (2014) ‘Healthy campus by open space design: approaches and guidelines’, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3 (4), pp. 452–467, DOI:10.1016/j.foar.2014.06.006.
• [46] Speake J., Edmondson S. and Nawaz H. (2013) ‘Everyday encounters with nature: students’ perceptions and use of university campus green spaces’, HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, [online] 7 (1), pp. 21–31. DOI:10.5719/hgeo.2013.71.21.
• [47] Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. (2023) Strategia zrównoważonego rozwoju SGGW do 2030 roku. Warszawa: SGGW. Available at: https://www.sggw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Startegia-SGGW-do-2030-roku.pdf?x50945.
• [48] Tan Y., Cheng Q., Lyu F., Liu F., Liu L., Su Y., et al. (2024) ‘Hydrological reduction and control effect evaluation of sponge city construction based on one-way coupling model of SWMM-FVCOM: a case in uni-versity campus’, J. Environ. Manage. 349:119599, DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119599.
• [49] The Nature Positive Universities network, https://www.naturepositiveuniversities.net.
• [50] The University of North Carolina, Edible Campus, https://ncbg.unc.edu/engagement/edible-campus-unc, accessed July 1, 2025.
• [51] Tochaiwat K., Rinchumphu D., Sundaranaga C., Pomsurin N., Chaichana C., Khuwuthyakorn P., Phichetkunbodee N. and Chan Y.-C. (2023) ‘The potential of a tree to increase comfort hours in campus public space design’, Energy Reports, [online] 9, pp.184–193. DOI:10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.258.
• [52] Turner Paul V., Marcia E. Vetrocq, and Karen J. Weitze (1976) The Founders and the Architects: The Design of Stanford University, Stanford: Department of Art, Stanford University.
• [53] UI GreenMetric World University Rankings, https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id.
• [54] United Nations Environment Programme. (2014) Greening Universities Toolkit V2.0. Nairobi: UNEP. Available at: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/11964/Greening%20Univer-sity%20Toolkit%20V2.0.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [55] University of California, Los Angeles. (2022) UCLA Landscape Plan. September 2022. Los Angeles: UCLA Campus Planning and Design. Available at: https://www.capitalprograms.ucla.edu/file/pdf/UCLA_Land-scape_Plan_220902.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [56] University of Edinburgh. (2022) Biodiversity Strategy and Implementation Plan 2022. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. Available at: https://edwebcontent.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/atoms/files/biodiversity_plan_2022.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [57] University of Michigan. (2025) Campus Plan 2050: Blueprint for Our Future. Michigan: University of Michigan. Available at: https://campusplan2050.umich.edu/files/CP%202050%20Overview%20-ToPost%20-%2005.5.25.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [58] University of the West of England (UWE Bristol). (2020) Landscape and Biodiversity Action Plan 2020–2026. Bristol: UWE Bristol. Available at: https://www.uwe.ac.uk/-/media/uwe/documents/about/sustainability/landscape-and-biodiversity-action-plan.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [59] Uniwersytet Gdański. (2024) Mapa drogowa na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju. Gdańsk: Uniwersytet Gdański. Available at: https://czrug.ug.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Mapa-Drogowa-na-Rzecz-Zrownowazonego-Rozwoju.pdf.
• [60] Uniwersytet Jagielloński. (2024) Strategia klimatyczna Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego do 2030 roku. Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Available at: https://www.uj.edu.pl/documents/10172/84593596/PL_Strategia+kli-matyczno-ekologiczna+UJ+do+2030.pdf.
• [61] Verheyen K., Baeten L., Cliquet A., de Doncker J., Mertens J., van Gijsel L., van de Velde R. (2023). ‘Universities as frontrunners in the effort towards green and biodiverse cities?’, Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 81, 127872, DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127872.
• [62] Virtanen K. (2017) Green Flag Standard for Green Areas. Available at: https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/124055/Virtanen_Katja.pdf;jsessionid=6C17A6F22AB5104284284D714FD1E7A5?sequence=1 (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [63] Walton J., Sweeney M. and Fazio J. R. (2013) Promoting sustainable campus landscapes: A how-to guide, Denver: AASHE. Online: https://www.arbnet.org/sites/arbnet/files/sustainable_campus_landscape_guide.pdf (Accessed: 1 July 2025).
• [64] Winnicka-Jasłowska D. (2015) ‘Quality analysis of Polish universities based on POE method – description of research experiences’ in: M. Antona C. Stephanidis (ed.), Universal access in human-computer interaction. access to learning, health and well-being, Springer, Cham.
• [65] Winnicka-Jasłowska Dorota et al. (2024) ‘Kampus jako zielona przestrzeń wspierająca działalność uczelni: Prezentacja założeń i wyników projektu PBL – studium przypadku’, Builder, 03 (320), DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0054.3430.
• [66] Winnicka-Jasłowska D. (2020) ‘Architektura uczelni wyższych. Wybrane kryteria jakościowe przestrzeni współczesnego kampusu w badaniach i projektach studentów Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej’, Prace Geograficzne, Zeszyt 162, pp. 31-47, DOI:10.4467/20833113PG.20.011.13098.
• [67] Zawadzka A., Konkol M. (2020) ‘Wykorzystanie przestrzeni między budynkami Bałtyckiego Kampusu Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego w opinii studentów i pracowników uczelni’ Prace Geograficzne, Zeszyt 163, pp. 85-111, DOI:10.4467/20833113PG.20.020.13216.
• [68] Zhou X., Deng S., Cui Y. and Fan C. (2025) ‘Developing a co-benefits evaluation model to optimize greening coverage designs on university campuses in hot and humid areas’, Energy and Buildings, [online] 328, p. 115214, DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115214.