Kwas benzoesowy. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Soćko, Renata; Broda, Anna

doi:10.54215/PiMOSP/2.117.2023

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Kwas benzoesowy. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Soćko Renata , Broda Anna

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

www.ciop.pl/pimosp_teksty

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.54215/PiMOSP/2.117.2023

Warianty tytułu

Benzoic acid Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Kwas benzoesowy ze względu na właściwości przeciwutleniające jest stosowany jako środek konserwujący żywność. Ponadto stosuje się go w przemyśle chemicznym i farmaceutycznym. Kwas benzoesowy jest produkowany w Europejskim Obszarze Gospodarczym i/lub importowany do niego w wielkotonażowych ilościach (100 000 ÷ 1 000 000 t/rok). U ludzi kwas benzoesowy może powodować nieimmunologiczną pokrzywkę kontaktową (rumień i obrzęk), którą uważa się za reakcję z podrażnienia. Doświadczalne wartości LD50/LC50 uzyskane w badaniach na zwierzętach (bez względu na drogę narażenia) wskazują na niewielką toksyczność ostrą kwasu benzoesowego. W przypadku narażenia na kwas benzoesowy drogą inhalacyjną skutkiem krytycznym (oprócz działania drażniącego) jest działanie układowe. W badaniach na zwierzętach (szczury) wykazano, że kwas benzoesowy o stężeniach 25 mg/m³ i większych powodował m.in. zmiany w płucach w postaci zapalenia śródmiąższowego i zwłóknienia. Wartość NOAEC dla skutków układowych i miejscowych wyznaczono na poziomie 12,6 mg/m³. Na podstawie obserwacji u ludzi oraz badań na zwierzętach nie można stwierdzić, że kwas benzoesowy wykazuje działanie mutagenne i genotoksyczne. W badaniach jedno- i wielopokoleniowych przeprowadzonych na gryzoniach nie wykazano wpływu narażenia na kwas benzoesowy na rozrodczość. W przypadku kwasu benzoesowego skutkiem krytycznym (oprócz działania drażniącego) jest działanie układowe, w związku z którym zaproponowano wartość NDS równą 0,5 mg/m3. Wartość NDSCh przyjęto równą 3-krotności wartości NDS, tj. 1,5 mg/m³, z notacją „I” (substancja o działaniu drażniącym). Kwas benzoesowy dobrze wchłania się przez skórę, dlatego zaproponowano oznaczenie związku notacją „skóra” (wchłanianie substancji przez skórę może być tak samo istotne, jak przy narażeniu drogą oddechową).

Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative due to its antioxidant properties. In addition, it is used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Benzoic acid is produced and/or imported to the European Economic Area in large quantities (100,000–1,000,000 t/year). In humans, benzoic acid may cause non-immune contact urticaria (erythema and swelling), which is considered an irritant reaction. The experimental LD50/LC50 values obtained in animal studies (regardless of the route of exposure) indicate a low acute toxicity of benzoic acid. In case of inhalation exposure to benzoic acid, the critical effect (apart from irritating effect) is systemic in nature. Animal studies (rats) have shown that benzoic acid at concentrations of 25 mg/m³ and higher caused, among others, changes in the lungs in the form of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The NOAEC value for systemic and local effects was set at 12.6 mg/m³. On the basis of observations in humans and animal studies, it cannot be concluded that benzoic acid has mutagenic and genotoxic effects. In single and multi-generation studies in rodents, exposure to benzoic acid showed no effect on reproduction. In the case of benzoic acid, the critical effect (apart from the irritating effect) is the systemic effect, based on which the MAC value of 0.5 mg/m³ was proposed. The short term exposure value was assumed equal to 3 times the MAC value, i.e. 1.5 mg/m³ , with the notation “I” (irritant). Benzoic acid is well absorbed through the skin, therefore it was proposed to designate the compound with the notation “skin” (dermal absorption may be as important as inhalation).

Słowa kluczowe

kwas benzoesowy toksyczność działanie drażniące narażenie zawodowe wartość NDS

benzoic acid toxicity irritating effect occupational exposure MAC value

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Nr 3 (117)

Strony

19--45

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 102 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Soćko Renata

sambuszek.7@gmail.com

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4304-9563

autor

Broda Anna

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).

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Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

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