Structure and Properties of the S49 Rail after a Long Term Outdoor Exposure

• Autorzy: Konieczny Jarosław , Labisz Krzysztof

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12913/22998624/147275

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The subject of the research in this work was the S49 rail made of R260 rail steel (1.0623). The carried out investigations concern microstructure tests and tests of mechanical properties of rails after several years of exposure in the open air without usage. The purpose of the work was to determine on the basis of the results of research the possibilities of using the tested rail for usage and application for the construction of tracks on railway sidings. For investigations there were used diverse techniques reaching such engineering materials investigations like light or scanning electron microscope for microstructure investigations, as well as hardness and microhardness test were performed for determinations of the microstructural changes occurred in the upper area of the rails surface. The microstructure changes concerns especially the ferritic and pearlitic structure and the breaks in the present carbide mesh. During investigations it was found out that the tested railway rails are fully useful for application, after machining to achieve required dimensional parameters. It is also of high importance, of the economical point of view, that their price, also in case of earlier installation of the rails, may be lower than the current price offered on the marked for a entire new product. The price difference reaches dimensions in the range of 5% - 10%.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

microstructure; perlite; ferrite; hardness

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology ; Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE), Branch of PTIE in Lublin
• Czasopismo: Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 16, no 2
• Strony: 280--290
• Opis fizyczny: Bibligr. 43 poz., fig.

Twórcy

autor

Konieczny Jarosław

• Department of Railway Transport, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7318-5187

autor

Labisz Krzysztof

• Department of Railway Transport, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-830X

Bibliografia

• 1. Labisz K., Konieczny J. Natural ageing effects on microstructure and properties of rail fastening elements SKL-12. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport. 2020; 106: 85–96.
• 2. Stencel G. Dobór składników nawierzchni kolejowej ze względu na jej trwałość. Inżynier Budownictwa. 2013. https://inzynierbudownictwa.pl/dobor-skladnikow-nawierzchni-kolejowej-ze-wzgledu-na-jej-trwalosc/ (attendance 2021.07.05).
• 3. Aniołek K., Herian J. The structure, properties and a resistance to abrasive wear of railway sections of steel with a different pearlite morphology. Technologies and Properties of Modern Utilised Materials. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2011; 22: 012012.
• 4. Masoumi M., Anderson E., Echeverri A., Tschiptschin A. P., Goldenstein H. Improvement of wear resistance in a pearlitic rail steel via quenching and partitioning processing. Scientific RepoRts. 2019; 9: 7454. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43623-7.
• 5. Zygmunt T., Pietrzyk M., Rauch Ł., Bachniak D. Optimization of the heat treatment process to obtain the required distribution of mechanical properties in the rail head of pearlitic rails. Journal of Metallic Materials. 2019; 71(1): 3–9.
• 6. Josefson B.L., Bisschop R., Messaadi M., Hantusch J. Residual stresses in thermite welded rails: significance of additional forging, Welding in the world; 2020.
• 7. Bevan A., Jaiswal J., Smith A., Ojeda Cabral M. Judicious Selection of Available Rail Steels to Re- duce Life Cycle Costs. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 2020: 234(3): 257–275.
• 8. Licciardello R., Malavasi G., Tieri A., Vitali P. Reference values for railway sidings track geometry. In: 6th Transport Research Arena; 2016; Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14: 1996–2005.
• 9. Technical Specification for Interoperability of the “Infrastructure” Subsystem of the Railway System in the European Union TSI INF (2014). EN 13848 series.
• 10. Instruction on running train traffic Ir-1 (R-1). Annex to Resolution No. 693/2017 of the Management Board of PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. of 27 June 2017. (in Polish)
• 11. Instructions on shunting technique Ir-9 (R34). PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. (in Polish)
• 12. Bardziński W. Do you buy new rails or old ones? Part 1.; TOMAX - Comprehensive Railway Siding Services. http://tormax.com.pl/czy-kupowac-nowe-szyny-czy-staro-uzyteczne-czesc-1/ (in Polish; / attendance 2021.12.03).
• 13. Technical Conditions for the Performance and Receipt of Rail Rails, PKP PLK Railway Road Office WTWiO-ILK3-5181-2/2004E.P. (in Polish).
• 14. Bohnenkamp K., Burgmann G., Schwenk W. Investigations of the atmospheric corrosion of plain carbon and low alloy steels in industrial, rural and sea air. Stahl und Eisen. 1973; 93(22): 1054–1060.
• 15. Legault R.A., Preban A.G. Kinetics of the atmospheric corrosion of low-alloy steels in an industrial environment. Corrosion. 1975; 31(4): 117–122.
• 16. Pourbaix M. The linear bilogarithmic law for atmospheric corrosion, in Atmospheric Corrosion. W. H. Ailor, Ed., J. Wiley & Sons; 1982.
• 17. Feliu S., Morcillo M. Atmospheric corrosion testing in Spain. In:Atmospheric Corrosion. 1982: 913–922.
• 18. Legault R.A., Pearson V.P. Atmospheric Corrosion in Marine Environments. National Association of Corrosion Engineers. 1978; 34(12): 433–437.
• 19. Diaz I., Cano H., Chico B., de la Fuente D., Morcillo M. Some Clarifications Regarding Literature on Atmospheric Corrosion of Weathering Steels. International Journal of Corrosion. 2012; 812192.
• 20. Mesaritis M., Shamsa M., Cuervo P., Santa J.F., Toro A., Marshall M.B., Lewis R. A laboratory demonstration of rail grinding and analysis of run-ning roughness and wear. Wear. 2020; 456–457.
• 21. Zhang R., Zheng Ch., Chen Ch., Lv B., Gao G.,Yang Z., Yang Y., Zhang F. Study on fatigue wear competition mechanism and microstructure evolution on the surface of a bainitic steel rail. Wear. 2021; 482–483: 203978.
• 22. Zhao X.J., Guo J., Wang H.Y., Wen Z.F., Liu Q.Y., Zhao G.T., Wang W.J. Effects of decarburization on the wear resistance and damage mechanisms of rail steels subject to contact fatigue. Wear. 2016; 364–365: 130–143.
• 23. Carroll R.I., Beynon J.H. Decarburization and rolling contact fatigue of a rail steel. Wear. 2006; 260: 523–537.
• 24. Office of Rail Transport, Certificate of safe-ty of railway sidings. http://utk.gov.pl/pl/aktualnosci/6151,Objecie-certyfikatem-bezpiec-zenstwa-bocznic-kolejowych.html (in Polish).
• 25. Polish Standard PN-EN 14811+A1:2009 Railway- Track - Special rails - Grooved rails and related structural profiles.
• 26. Tomičić-Torlaković M. Guidelinesfor the rail grade selection. Metalurgija. 2014; 53(4): 17–720.
• 27. European Standard for the Brinell hardness test for metallic materials. EN ISO 10003-1 – Metal materials - Brinell hardness measurement.
• 28. Polish Standard for the sample preparation for macroscopic and microscopic examination and test procedures and their main goals PN-EN ISO. 17639:2013-12 – Destructive testing of welded metal joints – Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welded joints. (in Polish)
• 29. Kuziak R., Pidvysots’kyy V., Pernach M., Rauch L. Selection of the best phase transformation model for optimization of manufacturing processes of pearlitic steel rails. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. 2019; 19: 535–546.
• 30. Yokoyama H., Mitao S., Takemasa M. Development of High Strength Pearlitic Steel Rail (SP rail). with Excellent Wear and Damage Resistance. Materials Science. 2002; 176: 59–64.
• 31. Herian J., Aniołek K. Abrasive wear of railway sections of steel with a different pearlite morphology in railroad switches. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 2010; 43(1): 236–243.
• 32. Herian J., Aniołek K. The structure and properties of steelwith different pearlite morphology and its resistance to abrasive wear. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering. 2008; 31(2): 83–86.
• 33. Bąkowski H. The influence of solid lubricants used for the lubrication of wheel flanges on railways to reduce the corrosion of rails. Tribologia. 2016; 4: 21–28.
• 34. Nikas D., Meyer K. A., Ahlström J. Characterization of deformed pearlitic rail steel. In: 8th Risø International Symposium on Materials Science. Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 219: 012035.
• 35. Garnham J.E., Franklin F.J., Fletcher D.I., Kapoor A., Davis C.L. Predicting the life of steel rails. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 2007; 221: 45–58.
• 36. Annex to the order No. 21/2010 of the Management Board of PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. dated August 31, 2010; Technical conditions for the manufacture and acceptance of old useful railway rails.obtained by regeneration, reprofiling and weldingin stationary plants – Requirements and tests Id-107. (in Polish)
• 37. Bednarek W.A. Wavy railroad wear (causes and remedies). Archives of the Institute of Civil Engineering. 2015; 20: 7–23. (in Polish)
• 38. Licow R. Assessment of damage to the running surface of railway rails using vibroacoustic phenomena, doctoral dissertation. Poznań University of Technology. Poznań 2018. (in Polish)
• 39. Licow R., Tomaszewski F. Identification of rail running surface defects with vibroacoustic signal. Railway Problems. 2019; 184: 71–76. (in Polish)
• 40. Zariczny J., Grulkowski S. Characteristics of defects in rails detected on the railway line No. 131 Chorzów Batory-Tczew with particular emphasis on the defects of 227 squat. Scientific and Technical Journals Sitk Rp, Branch in Krakow. 2012; 3(99): 349–363. (in Polish)
• 41. Kowalczyk D., Antolik Ł., Mikłaszewicz I. Railway rails disadvantages and ultrasonic tests. Nondestructive Testing and Diagnostics. 2019; 4: 9–13. (in Polish)
• 42. TORMAX – Comprehensive service of railway sidings: http://tormax.com.pl/ceny-uslug-i-materialow/hurtownia-semafor/ attendance 2021.12.03.
• 43. Gómez–Guarneros M.A., Godínez-Salcedo J.G., Gallardo-Hernández E.A., Farfán-Cabrera L.I., Vite-Torres M. Corrosion rate and mechanisms of a rail head surface under artificial rainwater conditions. Materials Letters. 2021; 287: 129302.