Application of Conjugate Simulation for Determination of Temperature and Stress Distributions During Curing Process of Pre-Impregnated Composite Fibers

• Autorzy: Golewski P. , Sadowski T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/amm-2017-0338

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The composites made of continuous fibers in the form of unidirectional and fabric prepregs are widely used in many fields of engineering for the production of lightweight and durable parts or whole structures. To achieve this, we not only need to possess knowledge of the composite mechanics, but also have to master the technology. In most cases, particularly for parts with advanced geometric shapes, autoclaving technique is used. The success of the carried out process occurs when the prepreg reaches the proper temperature throughout its volume in the specified time, where there are no overheated or unheated zones as well as when the prepreg is correctly pressed against the mold. In order to ensure adequate stiffness, the mold has much greater thickness than formed composite and the stiffening ribs. The result is that the time required for prepreg heating is greatly extended. To prevent this, the appropriate electric heaters embedded in the silicone grips are used. The paper presents problems related to the mold structures and application of numerical methods aiming at early verification of the temperature and stress distribution. The coupled analysis of CFD (computational fluid dynamic) and heat transfer structural simulations were performed in Abaqus program. The studies were carried out for the airfoil fragment. A total of 12 simulations were conducted, 6 cases in which heat was supplied only from air flowing through the autoclave and 6 cases which included heaters inside the silicone grips. In the result the inhomogeneity of prepreg heating for each of the mold geometry was compared, and the average temperature was obtained after 60 seconds from the process initiation. Both the pressure inside the silicone grips (before inserting the mold into the autoclave) and the non-uniform temperature distribution result in the formation of stresses whose values were analyzed for molds made of aluminum. For this purpose the temperature dependent elastic – plastic material model was used for aluminum molds.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

CFD simulation; co-simulation; mould

• Wydawca: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 62, iss. 4
• Strony: 2295--2301
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Golewski P.

• Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Solid Mechanics, 40 Nadbystrzycka Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland

autor

Sadowski T.

• Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Solid Mechanics, 40 Nadbystrzycka Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] D. Walczyk, J. Kuppers, Thermal press curing of advanced thermoset composite laminate parts, Composites: Part A 43, 635-646 (2012).
• [2] T. Bayerl, M. Duhovic, P. Mitschang, D. Bhattacharyya, The heating of polymer composites by electromagnetic induction – A review, Composites: Part A 57, 27-40 (2014).
• [3] M. Kwak, P. Robinson, A. Bismarck, R. Wise, Microwave curing of carbon-epoxy composites: Penetration depth and material characterization, Composites: Part A 75, 18-27 (2015).
• [4] J. S. Weiland, M. P. Hartmann, R. M. Hinterhölzl, Cure simulation with resistively in situ heated CFRP molds: Implementation and validation, Composites: Part A 80, 171-181 (2016).
• [5] R. Abdalrahman, S. Grove, A. Kyte, M. J. Rizvi, Numerical simulation and design optimisation of an integrally-heated tool for composite manufacturing, Materials and Design 64, 477-489 (2014).
• [6] Y. Ding, W. K. Chiu, X. L. Liu, Numerical investigation on thermal response of oil-heated tool for manufacture of composite products, Composite Structures 47, 491-495 (1999).
• [7] Y. Ding, W. K. Chiu, X. L. Liu, B. Whittingham, Modelling of thermal response of oil-heated tools due to different flow rates for the manufacture of composite structures, Composites Structures 54, 477-488 (2001).
• [8] N. Athanasopoulos, G. Koutsoukis, D. Vlachos, V. Kostopoulos, Temperature uniformity analysis and development of open ligh-tweight composite molds using carbon fibers as heating elements, Composites: Part B 50, 279-289 (2013).
• [9] W. P. Benjamin, Plastic tooling techniques and applications, McGraw-Hill, (1972).
• [10] T. Sadowski, P. Golewski, The influence of quantity and distribution of cooling channels of turbine elements on level of stresses in the protective layer TBC and the efficiency of cooling, Computational Materials Science 52, 293-297 (2012).
• [11] T. Sadowski, P. Golewski, Multidisciplinary analysis of the operational temperature increase of turbine blades in combustion engines by application of the ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBC), Comp. Mater. Sci. 50, 1326-1335 (2011).
• [12] T. Sadowski, P. Golewski, Detection and numerical analysis of the most efforted places in turbine blades under real working conditions, Comp. Mater. Sci. 64, 285-288 (2012).
• [13] A. Lipski, S. Mroziński, The effects of temperature on the strength properties of aluminum alloy 2024-T3, Acta Mechanica et Automatica 6 3, 62-66 (2012).
• [14] L. Marsavina, T. Sadowski, Fracture parameters at bi-material ceramic interfaces under bi-axial state of stress. Comp. Mater. Sci, 45, 693-697 (2009).
• [15] G. Golewski, P. Golewski, T. Sadowski, Numerical modelling crack propagation under Mode II fracture in plain concretes containing siliceous fly-ash additive using XFEM method, Comput. Mat. Sci. 62, 75-78 (2012).
• [16] T. Sadowski, L. Marsavina, Multiscale modelling of two-phase ceramic matrix composites Comput. Mat. Sci. 50, 1336-1346 (2011).
• [17] J. Bieniaś, H. Dębski, B. Surowska, T. Sadowski, Analysis of microstructure damage in carbon/epoxy composites using FEM, Comput. Mat. Sci. 64, 168-172 (2012).
• [18] V. Petrova, T. Sadowski, Theoretical modeling and analysis of thermal fracture of semi-infinite functionally graded materials with edge cracks, Meccanica 49, 2603-2615 (2014).
• [19] J. Gajewski, T. Sadowski, Sensitivity analysis of crack propagation in pavement bituminous layered structures using a hybrid system integrating Artificial Neural Networks and Finite Element Method, Comput. Mat. Sci. 82, 114-117 (2014).
• [17] H. Dębski, T. Sadowski, Modelling of microcracks initation and evolution along interfaces of the WC/Co composite by the finite element method, Comput. Mat. Sci. 83, 403-411 (2014).
• [18] H. Dębski, T. Sadowski, Modelling of the damage process of interfaces inside the WC/Co composite microstructure: 2-D versus 3-D modelling technique, Comp. Struct. 159, 121-127 (2017).
• [19] V. N. Burlayenko, H. Altenbach, T. Sadowski, An evaluation of displacement-based finite element models used for free vibration analysis of homogeneous and composite plates, Journal of Sound and Vibration 358, 152-175 (2015).
• [20] T. Sadowski, B. Pankowski, Numerical modelling of two-phase ceramic composite response under uniaxial loading, Composite Structures 143, 388-394 (2016).
• [21] T. Sadowski, Gradual degradation in two-phase ceramic composites under compression, Comput. Mat. Sci. 64, 209-211(2012).

Uwagi

EN

Financial support of the National Centre for Research and Development (Poland) – Project “Block Structures – Mechanical joining innovations to replace conventional fasteners in aerostructures”, contract No INNOLOT/I/5/ NCBR/2013 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was financially supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland) within the statutory research number S/20/2016.

PL

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).