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Tytuł artykułu

Circumstances of the rise of the so-called Islamic State according to Patrick Cockburn’s perspective

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The aim of this article is to analyze the rise of the so-called Islamic State in the perspective of a Middle Eastern and commentator for “The Independent”, Patrick Cockburn, who also publishes in the “London Review of Books. The text begins with a sketch of the geo-political determinants for the spread of the Islamic holy war, i.e. jihad. Then, it focuses on the disturbing phenomenon of sectarianism – directed mainly at the Shia branch of Islam – the attitudes of extremist Sunni preachers. The third chapter presents the complex combination of events that has contributed to the growth of extremist tendencies in Iraq. The subject of further deliberations is the conversion of the initially secular resistance to the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria into a civil war, in which jihadists are the main opponents of the president.
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  • Institute of Political Science, University of Opole, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Baranowski, M. (2012). Przyczynek do krytyki spoleczenstwa sieciowego: od sieci spolecznych do sieci wszystkich sieci. In: Baranowski, M., Mika, B. (eds.), Spoleczenstwo sieciowe – miedzy wolnoscia a zniewoleniem. Poznan: Wyzsza Szkola Nauk Humanistycznych i Dziennikarstwa.
  • Cockburn, P. (2013). Diary. London Review of Books, vol. 35, no. 19, pp. 38-39. Available at: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n19/patrick-cockburn/diary [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2014). Al-Qa'ida, the second act: Syria’s secular uprising has been hijacked by jihadists. The Independent, [online]. 20 March 2014. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/alqaida-the-second-act-syrias-secular-uprising-has-been-hijacked-by-jihadists-9205207.html [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2014a). Al-Qa'ida, the second act: The hate preachers fuelling sectarianism. The Independent, [online]. 20 March 2014. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/al-qaida-the-second-act-the-hate-preachers-fuelling-sectarianism-9205931.html [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2014b) Hazards of Revolution. London Review of Books, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 25-27. Available at: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n01/patrick-cockburn/hazards-of-revolution [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2014c). Sunni revolt in Syria has given al-Qa’ida more power in Iraq. Belfast Telegraph Digital, [online]. March 20. Available at: https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/opinion/news-analysis/sunni-revolt-in-syria-has-given-alqaida-more-power-in-iraq-30109391.html [Accessed: 27 June 2018].
  • Cockburn, P. (2014d). Whose side is Turkey on? London Review of Books, vol. 36, no. 21, pp. 8-10. Available at: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n21/patrick-cockburn/whose-side-is-turkey-on [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2015). Panstwo Islamskie. Translated by M. Bielik. Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy PWN – Grupa Wydawnicza PWN.
  • Cockburn, P. (2015a). Syria air strikes: Why Isis is a formidable, ferocious enemy that will not be defeated from the air. The Independent, [online]. Thursday, 3 December. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syria-air-strikes-why-isis-is-a-formidable-ferocious-enemy-that-will-not-be-defeated-from-the-air-a6759471.html [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2016). After the recent battles in Syria and Iraq, how close is Isis to losing the war? The Independent, [online]. 7 May 2016. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/after-the-recent-battles-in-syria-and-iraq-how-close-is-isis-to-losing-the-war-a7016961. html [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Cockburn, P. (2016a). End Times for the Caliphate? London Review of Books, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 29-30. Available at: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v38/n05/patrick-cockburn/end-times-for-the-caliphate [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Czapnik, S. (2014). Obiektywny, ale nie neutralny. Robert Fisk o misji dziennikarstwa. e-Politikon, no. 12, pp. 66-84.
  • Czapnik, S. (2014a) Symbol jakosci: London Review of Books. European Journalism Observatory, [online] 27 June 2014. Available at: http://pl.ejo-online.eu/dziennikarstwo-polityczne/symbol-jakosci-london-review-of-books [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • Czapnik, S. (2015). Permanentna inwigilacja. Rzecz o aferze Edwarda Snowdena. In: Zuk, P. and Zuk, P. (eds.), O kulturze strachu i przemysle bezpieczenstwa. Warszawa: Oficyna Naukowa.
  • Greenwald, G. (2014). Snowden. Nigdzie sie nie ukryjesz. Warszawa: Agora.
  • Harling, P. (2014). Taking Iraq apart. Le Monde diplomatique – English Edition, [online]. July, no. 1407, pp. 1-2. Available at: http://mondediplo.com/2014/07/02middleeast [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
  • International Crisis Group. Working to Prevent Conflict Worldwide. (2015). Arming Iraq’s Kurds: Fighting IS, Inviting Conflict. Middle East Report no. 158, 12 May 2015. Brussels: International Crisis Group. Available at: https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/iraq/arming-iraq-s-kurds-fighting-inviting-conflict [Accessed: 27 June 2018].
  • Iraq: conflict alert. (2015). International Crisis Group, [online] 24 August 2015. Available at: http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/alerts/2015/iraq-conflict-alert.aspx [Accesed: 12 May 2016].
  • The Independent. (2016). Patrick Cockburn. The Independent, [online]. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/author/patrick-cockburn [Accessed: 12 May 2016].
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
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