Diizocyjanian tolueno-2,6-diylu, diizocyjanian tolueno-2,4-diylu, toluilenodiizocyjanian (TDI) – mieszanina izomerów

Soćko, R.; Czerczak, S.

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Diizocyjanian tolueno-2,6-diylu, diizocyjanian tolueno-2,4-diylu, toluilenodiizocyjanian (TDI) – mieszanina izomerów

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Soćko R. , Czerczak S.

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Warianty tytułu

Toluene-2,4 or 2,6-diisocyanate and the mixture of TDI isomers

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Abstrakty

Toluilenodiizocyjanian (TDI) stosowany w przemyśle jest najczęściej mieszaniną dwóch izomerów: diizocyjanianu tolueno-2,4-diylu oraz diizocyjanianu tolueno-2,6-diylu. Izomery te występują w stosunku 80: 20 i są bezbarwnymi lub jasnożółtymi cieczami o ostrym zapachu. Toluilenodiizocyjanian jest stosowany jako monomer do produkcji polimerów poliuretanowych mających wszechstronne zastosowanie w wielu gałęziach przemysłu. Szacuje się, że w Polsce narażonych na działanie toluilenodiizocyjanianu jest kilkaset osób. Toluilenodiizocyjanian w warunkach przemysłowych wchłania się do organizmu przede wszystkim drogą inhalacyjną. Głównymi skutkami działania toluilenodiizocyjanian na ludzi jest jego silne działanie drażniące na błony śluzowe dróg oddechowych, oczy i skórę. Związek ten może również wywierać działanie uczulające w następstwie narażenia drogą oddechową i w kontakcie ze skórą. Toluilenodiizocyjanian działa bardzo toksycznie przez drogi oddechowe. Do najczęstszych objawów ostrego inhalacyjnego zatrucia należą: łzawienie, zaczerwienienie oraz pieczenie spojówek, błon śluzowych nosa, drapanie w gardle, kaszel, duszność, ucisk za mostkiem i bóle w klatce piersiowej. Stosunkowo rzadziej występują: bóle głowy, podwyższona temperatura ciała, nudności lub wymioty.

Toluene-2,4 and 2,6-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI; 2,6-TDI) are colorless to pale yellow liquids with a sharp acrid odor. 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI are two commonly used isomers of toluenediisocyanate (TDI). A commercial mixture of TDI isomers (80% 2,4-TDI, 20% 2,6-TDI) is one of the isocyanates most often employed in the manufacture of ”foamed in place” polyurethane plastics, coatings, and elastomers. The finished products range from soft and sponge-like to hard and porous. The finished polymeric foams are biologically inert and widely used in furniture, packaging, insulation, and boat building and have many other applications. Polyurethane coatings have many desirable properties for use on leather, wire, tank linings and masonry. Industrial experience has demonstrated that acute exposure to TDI vapors can produce severe irritant efects on mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, and the eyes, and an acute attact of an asthmalike syndrome may occur. Exposure to high concentrations may lead to chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, headache, and insomnia. The Export Group recommended, on the basis of the results of a human chronic and epidemiological stydy, a TLV value for toluene-2,4 or 2,6-diisocyanate and the mixture of TDI isomers 0,007 mg/m3 and the value of 0,021 mg/m3 as the Short-Term Exposure Limit (STEL). The proposed values of hygiene standards should protect workers against irritating and sensitizing effects of TDI mainly on the respiratory tract and skin. For the same reason, TDI isomers and their mixtures should be denoted with “I” and “A” respectively.

Słowa kluczowe

diizocyjanian tolueno-2,4-diylu diizocyjanian tolueno-2,6-diylu TDI narażenie zawodowe NDS

TDI occupational exposure maximum admissible concentration

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2010

Tom

Nr 2 (64)

Strony

47--77

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 97 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Soćko R.

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

autor

Czerczak S.

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

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