Restabilising Afghanistan through a comprehensive logistics framework for the access to ports

• Autorzy: Okochi M. , Nawabi F. , Hemmi S. , Takemoto T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12716/1001.16.03.03

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper aims to examine numerous sustaining factors in the restabilisation of Afghanistan, from legal, logistical and technical perspectives. The significance of logistics and infrastructure for state reconstruction and stability has been recognised by military and engineering practices. However, previous research on Afghanistan has focused on specific areas such as geopolitics, regional studies, bilateral cooperation and international aid. In contrast, this paper examines specialised issues within logistics and infrastructure, i.e., transit rights, access to ports, investors’ codes of conduct and the modus operandi of military and engineering engaged in the construction, operation and protection of infrastructure, which have not yet been fully discussed in the previous research. Furthermore, the importance of logistics of multiple shipping routes will be examined through comparative analysis. Considering a prolonged restabilisation process in land-locked Afghanistan, rights of transit and port access are imperative to achieve safe logistics in energy, water, food and medical supplies. In conclusion, an integrated, comprehensive model agreement for multilateral cooperation would enable international aid to be funnelled via a single scheme. Thus, this paper concludes that the long-term stability and development of Afghanistan will be guaranteed through a comprehensive framework agreement for logistics, which materialises rights of transit and port access.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

comprehensive logistics framework; ASEAN; international north-south transport corridor; access to ports; Afghanistan ports; united nations convention on thelaw of the sea; general agreement on tariffs and trade; north Atlantic treaty organization

• Wydawca: Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
• Czasopismo: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 16 No. 3
• Strony: 429--438
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Okochi M.

• Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

autor

Nawabi F.

• Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Tokyo, Japan

autor

Hemmi S.

• Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

autor

Takemoto T.

• Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Bibliografia

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• [18] Ibid.: Completed Projects https://ara.gov.af/index.php/en/completed-projects (2022.6).
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• [23] Bilateral Contract on Chabahar Port for Port Development and Operations between India Ports Global Private Limited and Arya Banader of Iran.
• [24] Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran: Annual Report https://www.pmo.ir/en/statistics/annualreport (2022.6) Embassy of India, Kabul, Afghanistan: India-Afghanistan Relations (13. Commercial Relations) https://eoi.gov.in/kabul/?0354?000 (2022.6).
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• [27] A prime example of Russia’s protection of its maritime interests is the Northern Sea Route, which is frequently used for energy transport, and where Russia has monopolised the pilotage by nuclear powered ice-breakers. Furthermore the Black Sea is a strategic location for Russia, as it connects the country to the Mediterranean Sea via the Dardanelles-Bosporus Straits in accordance with Convention regarding the Régime of Straits (Montreux Convention) in 1936. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/LON/Volu me%20173/v173.pdf (2022.6) From the Caspian Sea, military vessels of non-coastal states are excluded by the Convention on the legal status of the Caspian amongst five coastal states (Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran and Azerbaijan) in 2018.
• 28] Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian: Foreign Minister Lavrov's interview to the Islamic Republic News Agency (Iran), April 12, 2021. Minister Lavrov answered that “sustainable increase in trade and economic cooperation largely depends on the developed logistics network. INSTC is a good example of multilateral collaboration. It is the key infrastructure project in the region designed to promote mutually beneficial interaction between multiple states.” https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/1419460/ (2022.6).
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• [32] A prime example of dispute in terms of the transit of energy is a case between Russia and Ukraine. Ukraine requested consultations with Russia regarding alleged multiple restrictions on traffic in transit from Ukraine through Russia to Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan in 2016. Ukraine claimed that the measures appeared to be inconsistent with GATT. Russia’s rebuttal is that this case is an exception to Article 5 of GATT due to the essential security interests outlined in Article 21 (b). World Trade Organisation: Russia-Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit - Panel Report - Action by the Dispute Settlement Body, WT/DS512/7, 29 April 2019 https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds 512_e.htm (2022.6).
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• [35] Asian Development Bank: TAPI Gas Pipeline Project (Phase 1), Project Data Sheet https://www.adb.org/projects/52167-001/main (2022.6) See also Japan International Cooperation Agency: Corridor Development Approach https://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/brochures/c8h 0vm0000avs7w2-att/japan_brand_07.pdf (2022.6).
• [36] Izutsu Toshihiko: “Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’ān”, pp. 7-8, McGill-Queen’s University Press. (2002).
• [37] Mathias Herdegen: “Principles of International Economic Law, 2nd ed.”, p. 439, Oxford University Press. (2016).
• [38] Savić: supra note 7, p. 10.
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• [41] Daniel Twining: “The Stakes in Afghanistan Go Well beyond Afghanistan”, Foreign Policy (2009. 9).
• [42] Kenji Nagata: “Water Resources and Irrigation Policy in Afghanistan: Ownership of Local Societies as a Key to Reconstruction”, International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 33 (2016. 4).
• [43] Agreement among the Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia and the Republic of Turkey relating to the Transportation of Petroleum via the Territories of the Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia and the Republic of Turkey through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Main Export Pipeline.
• [44] Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction: “SIGAR 17-11 Audit Report”, p. 18 (2016) https://www.sigar.mil/pdf/audits/SIGAR-17-11-AR.pdf (2022.6).

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).