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Occupational Exposure Assessment on an FM Mast: Electric Field and SAR Values

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Treść / Zawartość
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Electric field strengths normally exceed the reference levels for occupational exposure in close vicinity to large frequency modulation (FM) transmitters. Thus, a detailed investigation on compliance with basic restrictions is needed before any administrative protection measures are applied. We prepared a detailed numerical model of a 20-kW FM transmitter on a 32-m mast. An electrically isolated anatomical human model was placed in 3 different positions inside the mast in the region where the values of the electric field were highest. The electric field strengths in this region were up to 700 V/m. The highest calculated whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) was 0.48 W/kg, whereas the maximum 10-g average SAR in the head and trunk was 1.66 W/kg. The results show that the reference levels in the FM frequency range are very conservative for near field exposure. SAR values are not exceeded even for fields 10 times stronger than the reference levels.
Rocznik
Strony
149--159
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Bibliografia
  • 1.International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 1998;74(4):494–522.
  • 2.Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the council on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields). OJ. 2004;L159:1–26.
  • 3.Hansson Mild K, Alanko T, Decat G, Falsaperla R, Gryz K, Hietanen M, et al. Exposure of workers to electromagnetic fields. A review of open questions on exposure assessment techniques. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). 2009;15(1):3–33. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.ciop.pl/28713.
  • 4.European Broadcast Union (EBU). Radiofrequency radiation hazards – exposure limits and their implications for broadcasters (Standard No. 3278). Geneva, Switzerland: EBU; 1995.
  • 5.Clark J. UK Broadcasting and telecommunication [unpublished presentation]. EMF-IMPACT Stakeholders Workshop. Ljubljana, Slovenia; 2009.
  • 6.Jokela K, Puranen L. Occupational RF exposures. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 1999;83(1–2);119–24.
  • 7.Bolte JFB, Pruppers MJM. Electromagnetic fields in the working environment. The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment; 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/610015001.pdf.
  • 8.Remkes G. Work safely with EMF high power RF-emitters [unpublished presentation]. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields: paving the way for a future EU initiative. Umea, Sweden. 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.av.se/dokument/inenglish/European_Work/Session_Remkes.pdf.
  • 9.Karpowicz J, Gryz K. Practical aspects of occupational EMF exposure assessment. Environmentalist. 2007;27:525–31.
  • 10.Christ A, Kainz W, Hahn EG, Honegger K, Zefferer M,Neufeld E, et al. The Virtual Family – development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(2): N23–8.
  • 11.Talfove A, Hagness SC. Computational electrodynamics: the finite-difference time domain method. Boston, MA, USA: Artech House, 2005.
  • 12.Gabriel S, Lau R, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41(11):2251–69.
  • 13.Gabriel S, Lau R, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41(11):2271–93.
  • 14.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE recommended practice for measurements and computations of radio frequency electromagnetic fields with respect to human exposure to such fields, 100 kHz–300 GHz (Standard No. C95.3:2002). New York, NY, USA: IEEE; 2002.
  • 15.Visible Human Project® [database on the Internet]. Bethesda, MD, USA: National Library of Medicine. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/getting_data.html.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-543e34c5-1ecb-453d-ba02-29a24a86c155
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