Experimental and computational analysis of granular material flow in model silos

• Autorzy: Sielamowicz I. , Balevičius R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The study described here was undertaken to explore the phenomena occurring in silo problems. For these problems, no experimental results exist, but simpler tests for validation can be used. This book identifies theses phenomena which are presented in two chapters. The first presents experimental investigations of granular material flows with a detailed description of phenomena occurring during filling and discharge processes in silo models. It also pertains to empirical descriptions of velocities and flow rates considered via statistical analysis. The experiments were conducted using a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry Optical Flow (DPIV OF). Applying this innovative technique allowed the obtaining and identification of a large volume of quantitative data characterizing the granular material flow, such as, velocities patterns within granular material, outflow rate, deformations, strains, dilation and stagnant zones boundaries; especially in the eccentric modes of flows for the plane silo models. The chapter also includes the analysis on verification of a Radial Flow assumption. The new mathematical description of kinematic parameter b for radial flow was applied with new formula for defining velocities in radial flows. Furthermore, the DPIV technique was applied to verify mass and volume conservation in the flowing material. The results obtained in this chapter serve as the basis of further verification via numerical simulations made by the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Hence, the second Chapter discusses implementation of DEM in simulation of the processes observed during the performed experiments. The presented DEM mathematical model was applied to verify the wall stress distributions, this is presented first with a limited number of particles and then with an increased number of particles. This approach made it possible to verify parameters or indicators derived from the well-known continuum-based methods. The computational analyses presented also provides a micromedianical insight into the filling and discharge of the granular materials in the 3D silo models. In particular, this chapter deals with the results of investigation of such specific phenomena known as "a free-fall arch", material dilation forming, porosity fields evolution, distribution of stress within the granular material, outflow rates and velocity profiles. The key finding of the analysis was the comparison of the measured wall pressure distribution in the experiments with those obtained numerically with DEM, Janssen solution and the Standard Eurocod 1. It was particularly demonstrated that the wall pressure calculated by the recommended formula in the design Standard gives lower values than those obtained from the experimental measurements. While a well known Janssen's theory cannot be expected to represent pressures during silo discharge. Also, the analysis of the influence of rolling friction on wall pressure and velocities distributions within the flowing granular material were considered in detail. Such important phenomena like a "pressure switch" were also successfully captured numerically and experimentally during the discharge process. Finally, the general conclusions arising from the study appear to be very useful for the designers of silo structures one of the most difficult tasks in the field of civil engineering.

PL

Podstawowym celem pracy jest opisanie zjawisk występujących w procesach technologicznych w silosach. Z uwagi na brak badań eksperymentalnych silosów w skali naturalnej badania tych zjawisk przeprowadza się w skali laboratoryjnej. W książce podjęto próbę zidentyfikowania niniejszych zjawisk a wyniki prac podano w dwóch odrębnych rozdziałach. Pierwszy z nich przedstawia wyniki badań eksperymentalnych płynięcia materiałów ziarnistych w czasie napełniania i opróżniania modelów silosu. Rozdział ten zawiera również empiryczne opisy prędkości i analizę wydatków wypływu wykonane metodami analizy statystycznej. Obrazy płynięcia materiału ziarnistego w modelach rejestrowano techniką cyfrową Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, Optical Flow, tzw. potokami optycznymi (DPIV OF). Zastosowanie tej innowacyjnej techniki pozwoliło na uzyskanie dużej ilości danych ilościowych charakteryzujących przepływy materiałów ziarnistych, takich jak: profile prędkości płynącego materiału ziarnistego, wartości wydatku wypływu, deformacje, odkształcenia, zakres stref zastoju w przepływach symetrycznych i niecentrycznych w płaskich modelach silosów. Rozdział pierwszy przedstawia również analizę weryfikacji założenia przepływu radialnego, gdzie podano nowy opis matematyczny parametru kinematycznego b dla przepływu radialnego, zastosowano nową formułę określenia prędkości w przepływach radialnych. Dzięki technice DPIV dokonano weryfikacji prawa zachowania masy i objętości w płynącym materiale. Wyniki przedstawione w tym rozdziale stały się podstawą do dalszej weryfikacji poprzez symulacje numeryczne wykonane metodą elementów dyskretnych (DEM). Rozdział drugi omawia zastosowanie metody DEM do symulacji procesów zarejestrowanych w czasie eksperymentów. Przedstawiony model matematyczny DEM wykorzystano do weryfikacji rozkładu naporów w ścianie, w pierwszej fazie analizy z mniejszą liczbą cząstek, a następnie z większą liczbą cząsteczek. Takie podejście pozwoliło na dokonanie oceny porównawczej różnych parametrów ze 8 Streszczenie znanymi rozwiązaniami mechaniki continuum oraz na zastosowanie podejścia mikromechaniki na ocenę procesów napełniania i opróżniania w trójwymiarowych modelach silosów. W rozdziale tym dalej omówiono wyniki symulacji konkretnych zjawisk, takich jak tworzące się zawieszenia w materiale, kształtowanie się stref rozluźniania materiału, ewolucję pola porowatości, rozkłady naprężeń w materiale, wartości wydatku wpływu i kształty profili prędkości. Finalnym ważkim wynikiem analizy było porównanie rozkładu ciśnienia pomierzonego eksperymentalnie w ścianie z wynikami analizy numerycznej metodą elementów dyskretnych DEM, a następnie z rozwiązaniem Janssena oraz zaleceniami normy Eurocod 1. Wykazano, że ciśnienie powstałe w ścianie w wyniku naporu materiału obliczone zgodnie z normą Eurokod 1 przedstawia niższe wartości niż te, które otrzymano w trakcie eksperymentów, a rozwiązanie Janssena nie podaje wartości ciśnień w czasie opróżniania silosu. Nadto, podano analizę wpływu tarcia tocznego na ciśnienia w ścianie i na rozkłady prędkości oraz zjawisko powstania „skoku ciśnień” w ścianie. W końcowej części monografii podano wnioski wypływające z badań, które mogą posłużyć projektantom konstrukcji silosów – jednym z najtrudniejszych zadań w zakresie inżynierii lądowej i wodnej

Słowa kluczowe

EN

civil engineering; water engineering; silo; discrete element method; DEM

PL

inżynieria lądowa; inżynieria wodna; silos; metoda elementów dyskretnych; DEM

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
• Czasopismo: IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: nr 1
• Strony: 1--317
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 320 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Sielamowicz I.

• Vilnius Gediminas Technical University

autor

Balevičius R.

• Vilnius Gediminas Technical University

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