Hyperbolic model of fluid flow under Bayesian paradigm

• Autorzy: Uilhoorn F. E.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Hiperboliczny model przepływu płynu w paradygmacie Bayesa

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Theoretical and numerical modeling of fluid transients in pipeline systems is a challenging field of research. The governing flow equations constitute a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations enforcing the conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. The application of these mathematical models might be limited due to the absence of complete knowledge about the physical phenomena and uncertainties. Knowledge about the initial and boundary conditions is usually obtained from measurements. The presence of noise and inaccuracies in these measurements, as well as inexactness of the fluid flow model and approximations for solving the full mathematical system, can lead to predictions that significantly differ from reality. Our interest is to deal with the problem of extracting information about states, or parameters, or both, of the system in real time given noisy measurements. We investigated the performance of different nonlinear data assimilation methods within the Bayesian framework applied to a quasilinear nonhomogeneous hyperbolic system of partial differential equations of first order describing fluid transients. These methods merge sparse data into numerical models to optimize predictions and reduce uncertainties in the modeled state variables. The performance of the extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter and two particle filters, namely sequential importance resampling and its variant, the auxiliary particle filters, were investigated. Numerical experiments were conducted for an isothermal and nonisothermal flow field. The isothermal fluid flow model in mathematical conservation-law form was solved with the two-step Lax-Wendroff scheme and a semi discrete finite volume scheme using flux limiters. The latter high-resolution technique was applied to estimate flow transients using the extended Kalman filter while allowing for solutions that contain discontinuities, such as shock waves. The non isothermal flow model in non conservative form was solved with the method of lines using a classical five-point, fourth-order finite difference approximation. The semidiscrete approximations were integrated with a multi stage explicit Runge-Kutta scheme. With respect to estimation accuracy, robustness and computation time of the Bayesian algorithms, we discussed the impact of inverse crime, ensemble size and resampling algorithm in the particle filter, spatial and temporal resolution of sensor readings, noise statistics and gradient steepness in the mass flow boundary conditions. Simulations were conducted for fluids in dens liquid or gaseous phase. In general, we can conclude that in most of the situations the Bayesian approach is successful in estimating fluid transients. Taking into account the computation time of the unscented Kalman filter, robustness issues of the particle filters and numerical efficiency of computing the Jacobian matrix, the extended Kalman filter would be a better choice for real-time state estimation.

PL

Teoretyczne i numeryczne modelowanie przebiegów nieustalonych płynów w systemach rurociągowych jest wyzwaniem w dziedzinie badań. Równania rządzące przepływami stanowią system hiperbolicznych nieliniowych równań różniczkowych cząstkowych opartych na zasadach zachowania masy, pędu i energii. Stosowanie takich modeli matematycznych może być ograniczone ze względu na brak pełnej wiedzy o zjawiskach fizycznych i niepewnościach. Wiedzę o początkowych i brzegowych warunkach zazwyczaj otrzymuje się z pomiarów. Istnienie szumów i niedokładności pomiarów, jak również niedokładność modelu przepływu płynu i aproksymacji do rozwiązywania pełnego systemu matematycznego, może prowadzić do przewidywań, które znacznie różnią się od rzeczywistości. W obszarze naszych zainteresowań jest problem uzyskania informacji o stanach i/lub parametrach systemu w czasie rzeczywistym z pomiarów zawierających szum. Badaliśmy skuteczność różnych metod, asymilacji danych nieliniowych w ramach Bayesa stosowanych do quasi-liniowego niejednorodnego hiperbolicznego układu równań różniczkowych cząstkowych pierwszego rzędu, opisującego przebieg nieustalony płynu. Te metody scalają dane w modele numeryczne w celu optymalizacji przewidywań oraz zmniejszenia niepewności modelowanych zmiennych stanu. Oceniliśmy skuteczność rozszerzonego filtru Kalmana, bezśladowego filtru Kalmana i dwóch filtrów cząsteczkowych, a mianowicie klasycznego algorytmu filtru cząsteczkowego oraz jego wariantu - pomocniczego filtru cząsteczkowego. Numeryczne eksperymenty zostały przeprowadzone dla izotermicznego i nieizotermicznego pola przepływu. Model izotermicznego przepływu płynu w postaci zachowawczej w sensie matematycznym został rozwiązany z dwustopniowego schematu Laxa-Wendroffa oraz semidyskretnej metody objętości skończonych używając ograniczników strumienia (flux limiters). Ta ostatnia metoda została zastosowana do estymowania przepływu przebiegu nieustalonego, za pomocą filtru Kalmana i dopuszcza rozwiązania, które zawierają nieciągłości, takie jak fale uderzeniowe. Nieizotermiczny model przepływu w postaci niezachowawczej został rozwiązany metodą linii za pomocą pięciopunktowego centralnego schematu różnicowego czwartego rzędu. Całkowanie układu równań różniczkowych zwyczajnych zostało zrobione poprzez klasyczną metodę Rungego-Kutty. W odniesieniu do dokładności estymacji, odporności i czasu obliczeń algorytmów Bayesa omówiony został wpływ przestępstwa odwrotności (inverse crime), ilości cząsteczek i algorytmu repróbkowania stosowanych w filtrach cząstek staIh, przestrzennej i czasowej siatki odczytów czujników; statystyk szumów i stromości warunków brzegowych przepływu. Symulacje zostały wykonane dla płynów w gęstej fazie ciekłej lub gazowej. Ogólnie, można stwierdzić, że w większości sytuacji bayesowskie podejście jest skuteczne w estymacji przebiegów nieustalonych płynów. Biorąc pod uwagę czas obliczania bezśladowego filtru Kalmana, kwestie odporności filtrów cząstek i efektywności numerycznej obliczania macierzy Jacobiego, wykorzystanie rozszerzonego filtru Kalmana byłoby lepszym wyborem dla estymacji stanu w czasie rzeczywistym.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Bayesian filtering; data assimilation; particle filter; Kalman filter; fluid flow modeling; hyperbolic partial differential equations

PL

filtracja bayesowska; asymilacja danych; filtr cząsteczkowy; filtr Kalmana; modelowanie przepływu płynów; równania różniczkowe cząstkowe hiperboliczne

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: z. 73
• Strony: 3--104
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 135 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Uilhoorn F. E.

• Warsaw University of Technology, Gas Engineering Group

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

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Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).