Solubility of Eskisehir thorium/rare earth ores in sulphuric and nitric acids

• Autorzy: Kursun I. , Tombal T. D. , Terzi M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5277/ppmp1846

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Nuclear energy is considered as one of the most important energy resources in the world. Thorium (Th) has a significant potential to be used in electricity production by nuclear energy since its existence is not depended on the presence of another radioactive elements, and it has larger potential reserves than uranium. Bastnaesite ((Ce, La)CO3F) is one of the minerals from which Th can be economically extracted. In this study, solubility of bastnaesite containing ore obtained from Eskisehir, Turkey was investigated by leaching with H2SO4 and HNO3 in terms of leaching performance of thorium and some rare-earth elements (Ce, Nd, La). In this context, representative samples were taken from three different areas in Eskisehir-Kizilcaoren region, and a composite sample was prepared to be used for the leaching experiments. The effects of several parameters such as the solid ratio, leaching time, acid amount and pulp temperature, on dissolution efficiencies of Th, Nd, Ce and La was investigated. The best results were obtained using 3.42 mol/dm3 HNO3, solid–to–liquid ratio of 35%, 120 min leaching time and 60 oC temperature. Under these optimum conditions, the dissolution efficiencies of Th, Ce, Nd, and La were obtained as 94%, 82%, 77% and 70%, respectively.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

thorium; rare earth elements; bastnaesite; leaching; solubility

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 54, iss. 2
• Strony: 476--483
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kursun I.

• Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey

autor

Tombal T. D.

• Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey

autor

Terzi M.

• Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey

Bibliografia

• ALI A.M.I., EL-NADI Y.A., DAOUD J.A., ALY H.F.H., 2007. Recovery of thorium (IV) from leached monazite solutions using counter-current extraction. Int. J. Miner. Process., 81, 217-223.
• ATSDR, 2016. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. Chem. Phys. Inform., http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp147-c3.pdf (Last Accessed: 17.04.2017).
• BAROCH C.J., 1958. Processing of California bastnaesite ore. Iowa State Collage, PhD. Dissertation, Iowa, USA.
• BIAN X., YIN S., LUO Y., WU W., 2011. Leaching kinetics of bastnaesite concentrate in HCl solution. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 21, 2306-2310.
• CASTOR S.B., HEDRICK J.B., 2006. Rare Earth Elements. Industrial Minerals volume, 7th edition, Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Littleton, Colorado, 769-792.
• EYAL Y., OLANDER D.R., 1990. Leaching of uranium and thorium from monazite: I. Initial leaching. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54(7), 1867-1877.
• EYAL Y., OLANDER D.R., 1990. Leaching of uranium and thorium from monazite: II. Elemental leaching. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54(7), 1879-1887.
• EYAL Y., OLANDER D.R., 1990. Leaching of uranium and thorium from monazite: III. Leaching of radiogenic daughters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54(7), 1889-1896.
• FENG X.L., LONG, Z.Q., CUI D.L., WANG L.S., HUANG X.W., ZHANG G.C., 2013. Kinetics of rare earth leaching from roasted ore of bastnaesite with sulfuric acid. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23, 849-854.
• GAIOTTE J.V.M., VILLEGAS R.A.S., FUKUMA H.T., 2011. Uranium and thorium recovery in thorianite ore-preliminary results. in: International Nuclear Atlantic Conference, Brazil.
• GOK C., AYTAS S., 2013. Recovery of thorium by high-capacity biopolymeric sorbent. Separ. Sci. Technol., 48, 2115-2124.
• GUI W., ZHANG H., LIU Q., ZHU X., YANG Y., 2014. Recovery of Th (IV) from acid leaching solutions of bastnaesite at low concentrations. Hydrometall., 147-148, 157-163.
• HINGANT H., CLAVIER N., DACHEUX N., BARRE N., HUBERT S., OBBADE S., TABORDA F., ABRAHAM F., 2009. Preparation, sintering, and leaching of optimized uranium thorium dioxides. J. Nucl. Mat., 385, 400-406.
• HUANG Y., ZHANG T., DOU Z, LIU J., TANG F., 2014. Study on leaching rare earths from bastnaesite treated by calcification transition. J. Rare Earth., 32(11), 1043-1047.
• IPEKOGLU B., 1983. Evaluation of Eskisehir-Beylikahir thorium ore. ITU (Istanbul Technical University) Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, PhD. Dissertation, Istanbul, Turkey.
• ISHIKHAWA S., SUYAMA K., ARIHARA K., ITOH M., 2002. Selective recovery of uranium and thorium ions from dilute aqueous solutions by animal biopolymers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 86, 227-236.
• KAYA M., BOZKURT V., 2003. Thorium as a nuclear fuel. in: 18th International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey – IMCET, 571-578.
• KURSUN I., TERZI M., 2015. Investigation of solubility of radioactive elements contained in ashes of Yatagan Thermal Power Plant in acetic acid. Asian J. Chem., 27, 2685-2690.
• KURSUN I., TERZI M., ENKHTAIVAN N., TOMBAL T.D., 2015. Recovery of radioactive elements from a coal fly ash by HCl leaching method. in: International Energy Raw Materials and Energy Summit, Istanbul, Turkey.
• LU Y., WEI H., ZHANG Z., LI Y., WU G., LIAO W., 2016. Selective extraction and separation of thorium from rare earths by a phosphorodiamidate extractant. Hydrometall., 163, 192-197.
• MACHACEK E., KALVIG P., 2016. Assessing advanced rare earth element-bearing deposits for industrial demand in the EU. Resour. Policy, 49, 186-203.
• MEOR, Y., 2013. Rate of rare earths leaching in HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3. Adv. Mat. Res., 795, 1-4.
• MIGDISOV, A. A., WILLIAMS-JONES, A. E., WAGNER, T., 2009. An experimental study of the solubility and speciation of the Rare Earth Elements (III) in fluoride-and chloride-bearing aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 300oC. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(23), 7087-7109.
• OGATA T., NARITA N., TANAKA M., 2016. Adsorption mechanism of rare earth elements by adsorbents with diglycolamic acid ligands. Hydrometall., 163, 156-160.
• OZBAYOGLU G., ATALAY M.U., 2000. Beneficiation of bastnaesite by a multi-gravity separator. J. Alloys Comp., 303-304, 520-523.
• STONE K., BANDARA A.M. T.S., SENANAYAKE G., JAYASEKERA S., 2016. Processing of rare earth phosphate concentrates: a comparative study of pre-leaching with percloric, hydrochloric, nitric and phosphoric acids and deportment of minor/major elements. Hydrometall., 163, 137-147.
• USGS, 2016, Thorium, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/thorium/mcs-2016-thori.pdf (Last Accessed: 17.04.2017).
• WANG L., YU Y., HUANG X., LONG Z., CIU D., 2013. Toward greener comprehensive utilization of bastnaesite: simultaneous recovery of cerium, fluorine, and thorium from bastnaesite leach liquor using HEH(EHP). Chem. Eng. J., 215-216, 162-167.
• YORUKOGLU A., OBUT A., GIRGIN I., 2003. Effect of thiourea on sulphuric acid leaching of bastnaesite. Hydrometall., 68, 195-202.
• ZHANG J., ZHAO B., SCHREINER B., 2016. Separation hydrometallurgy of rare earth elements. Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
• ZHANG L.Q., WANG Z.C., TONG S.X., LEI P.X., ZOU W., 2004. Rare earth extraction from bastnaesite concentrate by stepwise carbochlorinaion-chemical vapor transport-oxidation. Metall. Mat. Trans. B, 35B, 217-221.
• ZHANG Q., SAITO F., 1998. Non-thermal process for extracting rare earths from bastnaesite by means of mechanochemical treatment. Hydrometall., 47, 231-241.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).