The effect of turning frequency on the compost dynamics and quality derived from empty fruit bunches, Azolla microphylla, and active organic fertilizer

• Autorzy: Parmanoan Durain , Faridah Anni , Trisakti Bambang , Sidabutar Rivaldi , Irvan Irvan , Alexander Vikram , Al Fath M. Thoriq , Dalimunthe Nisaul Fadilah , Daimon Hiroyuki , Takriff Mohd Sobri

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/198745

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The composting process of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) and Azolla microphylla, supplemented with active organic fertilizer (AOF), presents an alternative method for utilizing solid palm oil mills waste. The purpose of this study is investigate the turning frequencies effect during composting on the degradation rate of EFB and Azolla microphylla using AOF in a basket composter to produce high-quality compost. The process involves cutting EFB to 1–3 cm pieces, mixing it with Azolla microphylla in an 80:20 ratio, and adding AOF to achieve an optimal moisture content (MC) of 55–65%. MC is maintained at these levels by periodically adding AOF. The turning frequencies tested include once per day, every 2 days, every 3 days, every 4 days, and every 5 days. Analyzed parameters were temperature, MC, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), volatile suspended solids, electrical conductivity (EC), and C/N ratio. Results indicate it takes 30 days to generate compost, with the optimal degradation of EFB and Azolla microphylla achieved at a turning frequency of once every 2 days, yielding values of pH 8.7, MC 55.72%, WHC 77%, EC 2746 μS/cm, and a C/N ratio of 14.83.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

composting; palm oil; empty fruit bunch; turning frequency

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 26, nr 2
• Strony: 350--362
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Parmanoan Durain

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang 25171, Indonesia

autor

Faridah Anni

• Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang 25171, Indonesia

autor

Trisakti Bambang

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
• Waste-to-Industrial Sustainable Energy Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

autor

Sidabutar Rivaldi

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
• Waste-to-Industrial Sustainable Energy Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1069-9866

autor

Irvan Irvan

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia
• Waste-to-Industrial Sustainable Energy Center, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

autor

Alexander Vikram

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia

autor

Al Fath M. Thoriq

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia

autor

Dalimunthe Nisaul Fadilah

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Almamater Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Indonesia

autor

Daimon Hiroyuki

• Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan

autor

Takriff Mohd Sobri

• Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah Emirate 61467, United Arab Emirates

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