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The following work covers several issues. It discusses environmental factors identified in the scientific literature, especially pollutants emitted during fires that can be found crucial in terms of their contribution to occupational exposure among firefighters. Moreover, the authors described the issue of transferring pollutants indoors on the surface of items of clothing, equipment, and other elements by firefighters, which is commonly indicated in many studies. It was shown that this occurrence can be a secondary source of numerous substances inside rooms, in which firefighters stay before or after fire and rescue operations. Chronic and long-term exposure in the context of causing life-long health hazards (including carcinogenic effects) has a greater impact than occasional staying in a highly polluted environment (for instance during an extinguishing action). Due to the above, the summary of the following work contains recommendations concerning subjects of studies that need to be soon conducted to decrease the level of occupational exposure of firefighters caused by environmental factors.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
115--122
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Fire University, ul. Słowackiego 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
- Fire University, ul. Słowackiego 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Fire University, ul. Słowackiego 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
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- [19] DANIELS R.D., KUBALE T.L., YIIN J.H., DAHM M.M., HALES T.R., BARIS D., ZAHM S.H., BEAUMONT J.J., WATERS K.M., PINKERTON L.E., Mortality and cancer incidence in a pooled cohort of US firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950–2009), Occp. Environ. Med., 2014, 71 (6), 388–397. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101662.
- [20] DANIELS R.D., BERTKE S., DAHM M.M., YIIN J.H., KUBALE T.L., HALES T.R., BARIS D., ZAHM S.H., BEAUMONT J.J., WATERS K.M., PINKERTON L.E., Exposure-response relationships for select cancer and non-cancer health outcomes in a cohort of U.S. firefighters from San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950–2009), Occup. Environ. Med., 2015, 72 (10), 699–706. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102671.
- [21] PUKKALA E., MARTINSEN J.I., WEIDERPASS E., KJAERHEIM K., LYNGE E., TRYGGVADOTTIR L., SPARÉN P., DEMERS P.A., Cancer incidence among firefighters: 45 years of follow-up in five Nordic countries, Occup. Environ. Med., 2014, 71 (6), 398–404. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101803.
- [22] MARJERRISON N., JAKOBSEN J., DEMERS P.A., GRIMSRUD T.K., HANSEN J., MARTINSEN J.I., NORDBY K.-C., VEIERØD M.B., KJAERHEIM K., Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality in the Norwegian Fire Departments Cohort, 1960–2018, Occup. Environ. Med., 2022, 79 (11), 736–743. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108331.
- [23] GLASS D.C., PIRCHER S., DEL MONACO A., HOORN S.V., SIM M.R., Mortality and cancer incidence in a cohort of male paid Australian firefighters, Occup. Environ. Med., 2016, 73 (11), 761–771. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103467.
- [24] LEMASTERS G.K, GENAIDY A.M., SUCCOP P., DEDDENS J., SOBEIH T., BARRIERA-VIRUET H., DUNNING K., LOCKEY J., Cancer risk among firefighters: a review and meta-analysis of 32 studies, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2006, 48 (11), 1189–1202. DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000246229.68697.90.
- [25] BATES M.N., Registry-based case-control study of cancer in California firefighters, Am. J. Ind. Med., 2007, 50 (5), 339–344. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20446.
- [26] FENT K.W., EISENBERG J., SNAWDER J., SAMMONS D., PLEIL J.D., STIEGEL M.A., MUELLER C., HORN G.P., DALTON J., Systemic exposure to PAHs and benzene in firefighters suppressing controlled structure fires, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 2014, 58 (7), 830–845. DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/meu036.
- [27] TSAI R.J., LUCKHAUPT S.E., SCHUMACHER P., CRESS R.D., DEAPEN D.M., CALVERT G.M., Risk of cancer among firefighters in California, 1988–2007, Am. J. Ind. Med., 2015, 58 (7), 715–729. DOI: 10.1002 /ajim.22466.
- [28] ROGULA-KOZŁOWSKA W., BRALEWSKA K., JURECZKO I., BTEXS concentrations and exposure assessment in a fire station, Atmosphere, 2020, 11 (5), 470. DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050470.
- [29] ALEXANDER B.M., BAXTER C.S., Flame-retardant contamination of firefighter personal protective clothing. A potential health risk for firefighters, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 2016, 13 (9), 148–155. DOI: 10.1080 /15459624.2016.1183016.
- [30] KIRK K.M., LOGAN M.B., Structural fire fighting ensembles: accumulation and off-gassing of combustion products, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 2015, 12 (6), 376–383. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1006638.
- [31] FENT K.W., EVANS D.E., BOOHER D., PLEIL J.D., STIEGEL M.A., HORN G.P., DALTON J., Volatile organic compounds off-gassing from firefighters personal protective equipment ensembles after use, J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 2015, 12 (6), 404–414. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1025135.
- [32] BANKS A.P.W., WANG X., HE C., GALLEN M., THOMAS K.V., MUELLER J.F., Off-gassing of semi-volatile organic compounds from firefighters’ uniforms in private vehicles. A pilot study, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2021, 18 (6), 3030. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063030.
- [33] BROWN F.R., WHITEHEAD T.P., PARK J-S., METAYER C., PETREAS M.X., Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California, Environ. Res., 2014, 135, 9–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.022.
- [34] PARK J.-S., VOSS R.W., MCNEEL S., WU N., GUO T., WANG Y., ISRAEL L., DAS R., PETREAS M., High exposure of California firefighters to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, 49 (5), 2948–2958. DOI: 10.1021/es5055918.
- [35] SHEN B., WHITEHEAD T.P., MCNEEL S., BROWN F.R., DHALIWAL J., DAS R., ISRAEL L., PARK J.-S., PETREAS M., High levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in vacuum cleaner dust from California fire stations, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, 49 (8), 4988–4994. DOI: 10.1021/es505463g.
- [36] SPARER E.H., PRENDERGAST D.P., APELL J.N., BARTZAK M.R., WAGNER G.R., ADAMKIEWICZ G., HART J.E., SORENSEN G., Assessment of ambient exposures firefighters encounter while at the fire station. An exploratory study, J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2017, 59 (10), 1017–1023. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001114.
- [37] ROGULA-KOZŁOWSKA W., PIĄTEK P., KOZIELSKA B., WALCZAK A., Off-gassing from firefighter suits (nomex) as an indoor source of BTEXS, Chemosphere, 2024, 350, 140996. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemo sphere.2023.140996.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-518bad69-3cad-4383-8550-616aa41c812e