Przykłady likwidacji płytkich wyrobisk stwarzających zagrożenie dla powierzchni terenu na podstawie doświadczeń zagranicznych

• Autorzy: Strozik G.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Examples of liquidation of shallow workings imposing risk of discontinuous deformations of land surface on the basis of foreign experience

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Deformacje powierzchni terenu stwarzają zagrożenie dla zabudowy i infrastruktury technicznej obszarów zurbanizowanych. Jednym z podstawowych obszarów działań w zakresie jego eliminacji jest likwidacja płytkich wyrobisk górniczych. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane przykłady działań zmierzających do eliminacji zagrożenia występowaniem nieciągłych deformacji powierzchni terenu, podejmowanych w innych krajach.

EN

Mining activity leads to degradation of mine lands due to their deformations, including the most dangerous discontinuous deformations. In the early stage of industrial revolution in countries leading in coal production, thousands of mines operated mostly in shallow coal beds, which were easy available by mine techniques of that time. As the result of mine operations in shallow coal seams, large sinkholes and other forms of land deformation occurred, which could affect large areas of lands (Fig. 1) or reach unprecedented dimensions (Fig. 2). To eliminate the risk of sinkhole occurrence and damages of land objects, a range of filling techniques of mine voids have been developed. To the most advanced ones, belong pressurized grouting with use of fly ash – cement slurries of strictly controlled physical properties. However, efficiency of mine voids elimination corresponds with significant costs of land preparation. The most cost-consuming but also completely confident seems to be the open-pit method, in which the coal seam has to be exposed and then fully cleared from old mine operations remnants (Fig. 3). Particular attention must be devoted to old mine shafts, which due to their depth and direct connection to surface may create extremely high risk of land structure damages. The problem of old mine shafts has been discussed on an example of catastrophic collapse of rocks into voids remained in an old shaft after its insufficient backfilling in the past (Fig. 4). Not to overrate in efficient surface protection on post-mining areas is also to have reliable information about potential hazards before any further activities on an effected land piece started. A good example of such a comprehensive data base on old mining operations has been developed in the city of Aachen, Germany. During the last half of the century technologies of filling of underground voids underwent development from typical mine hydraulic backfill, through injection of precisely composed grouts – in terms of flow properties and mechanical behaviour after placement and solidification, up to clearing of shallow mine remnants with use of open-pit operations. Due to high costs of mine lands reclamation works, for each case of underground voids filling, technology and range of works must be thoroughly designed, where also good identification of underground conditions id of great importance.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

deformacje nieciągłe; wypełnianie pustek; ochrona powierzchni; likwidacja kopalni; płytka eksploatacja górnicza

EN

non-linear subsidence; filling of voids; surface protection; mine liquidation; shallow mining excavations

• Wydawca: Wyższy Urząd Górniczy
• Czasopismo: Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: nr 6
• Strony: 23--30
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Strozik G.

• Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice

Bibliografia

• 1.Bayle R.: The Problem with America’s Abandoned Mines. https://www.revealnews.org/article-legacy/the-problem-with-americas-abandoned-mines/ (dostęp: 17.03.2016).
• 2. Black D.C., Ziemkiewicz P.F.: Filling Abandoned Mines with Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash Grout. [in:] Howard A.K., Hitch J.L. (red.): The Design and Application of Controlled Low-Strength Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials 1998, s. 180–193.
• 3. Bourland M.L., Meier L.: Lessons Learned from Pressure Grouting an Open Shaft. Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Abandoned Underground Mine Workshop, Interstate Technical Group on Abandoned Underground Mines 2015.
• 4. Brook D.: Reclamation of Abandoned Underground Mines in the United Kingdom. Proceedings of the International Land Reclamation and Maine Drainage Conference and The Third International Conference on Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Pittsburgh, 1994 April 24–29, s. 163–171.
• 5. Chronik der Bergschäden im Siegerland. http://www1.wdr.de/archiv/bergbau-spaetfolgen/bergbau_spaetfolgen126.html (dostęp: 20.03.2016).
• 6. Czaja P., Gąsiorczyk A.: Wpływ sposobu likwidacji szybu na zagrożenie powierzchni w jego otoczeniu. Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria 2005, z. 3/1, s. 165-175.
• 7. Dodd W.E.: Evaluating Underground Mine Reclamation Projects in North Dakota. 35th Annual Conference of the National Association of Abandoned Mine Land Programs. Danields, West Virginia, September 22-25, 2013.
• 8. Dodd W.E.: Fly Ash Use in Pressurized Grout Remote Backfilling in Abandoned Underground Mines in North Dakota. Proceedings of the Interstate Technical Group on Abandoned Underground Mines Third Biennial Workshop 2015, s. 50–54.
• 9. Dunrud C.R., Osterwald F.W.: Effects of Coal Mine Subsidence in the Sheridan, Wyoming, Aera. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1164, US Government Printing Office, Washington 1980.
• 10. Eckroth L.: Filling in the Mines. 2007, http://www.willistonherald.com/news/filling-in-the-mines/article_e104ddb9-68cb-5f48-9c15-6bae7bd83bb2.html (dostęp: 19.03.2016).
• 11. Giacinto J.G., Petzrick P., Rafalko L.G.: Cost Optimization for Mine Void Stabilization Project: A Deep Mine Case Study. World of Coal Ash, May 7–10, 2007, Northern Kentucky, USA. http://www.flyash.info (dostęp 11.03.2016).
• 12. Heitfeld M., Klünker J., Mainz M., Schetelig K.: Risk of Collapse features from near Surface Cavities in Old Mining Cities. Proceedings of the 10th Congress of the Intern. Ass. for Engineering Geology and the Environment, paper no. 461, The Geological Society of London 2006.
• 13. History of coal mining. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coal_mining (dostęp: 19.03.2016).
• 14. Hornberger R.J., Dalberto A.D., Menghini M.J.: Coal Fly Ash Beneficial Use at Mine Sites in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Ash Utilization Symp., Centre for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky 2005, s. 143-174.
• 15 Siegener Loch. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegener_Loch (dostęp 21.03.2016).
• 16. Koury J.D., Schueck J., Hoenberger R.J., Levitz K.R., Hellier W.B., Laslowa K.A.: Use of Coal Ash Cement Grouts in Abatement of Abandoned Mine Hazards and Acid Mine Drainage. [in:] Coal Ash Beneficial Use in Mine Reclamation an Mine Drainage Remediation in Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Harrisburg 2006, s. 155-204.
• 17. Kowalski A., Gruchlik P.: Początki górnictwa węgla kamiennego w Katowicach i problem płytkich wyrobisk górniczych. Przegląd Górniczy, nr 1 (1070), 2012.
• 18. Popiołek E.: Ochrona terenów górniczych. Kraków, Wydawnictwo AGH, 2009.
• 19. Risk Based Approach to Development Management – Resources for Developers. The Coal Authority 2012.
• 20. Strozik G.: Wypełnianie pustek podziemnych w górotworze naruszonym eksploatacją górniczą. Wyd. Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2015.
• 21. Supple B.: The British Coal Industry, Vol. 4: 1913–1946. The Political Economy of Decline 1987.
• 22. Winkelmann M.: Ist der Baugrund sicher? – Die Altbergbausituation in NRW. Architektenkammer NordrheinWestfalen 2007.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).