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Preparation, Structure and Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Behavior of Some Energetic Salts of 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole

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Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
As a key research objective for low melting explosives and propellants, energetic salts have received worldwide attention. 3-Hydrazino-4-amino-1,2,4triazole (HATr) is an important high-nitrogen compound (73.65% N) with good stability. This paper focuses on the energetic salts which were formed between HATr and picric acid (PA) or 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol (TNR). Single crystals of HATr·PA and HATr·TNR·H2O were grown and their crystal structures determined at low temperature. They both belong to the monoclinic system, P21/n space group. The thermal characteristics of the two target salts were investigated using DSC and TG-DTG. In addition, the non-isothermal decomposition kinetics, heats of combustion and sensitivity have also been investigated. The detonation pressures (P) and detonation velocities (D) of the salts have been calculated using the K-J equations. The results indicated that both salts have certain potential applications as gunpowder and propellant materials.
Rocznik
Strony
481--493
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
autor
  • State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
autor
  • State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
autor
  • State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
autor
  • State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Bibliografia
  • [1] a) Drake G.W., Hawkins T.M., Boatz J., Hall L., Vij A., Experimental and Theoretical Study of 1,5-Diamino-4-H-1,2,3,4-tetrazolium Perchlorate, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2005, 30(2), 156-163; b) Drake G.W., Hawkins T.M., Brand A., Hall L., Mckay M., Energetic, Low-melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2003, 28(4), 174-180; c) Xue H., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Azolium Azolate Salts, Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 5068-5072; d) Gao H., Ye C.F., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Bicyclic Azolium Salts, Chem. Eur. J., 2006, 12, 9010-9018.
  • [2] a) Smiglak M., Reichert W.M., Holbrey J.D., Wilkes J.S., et al., Combustible Ionic Liquids by Design: is Laboratory Safety Another Ionic Liquid Myth?, Chem. Commun., 2006, 24, 2554-2556; b) Huang Y.G., Gao H.X., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Nitroamino Triazoles: Nitrogen-rich Precursors of Stable Energetic Salts, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2008, 16, 2560-2568; c) He L., Tao G.H., Parrish D.A., Shreeve J.M., Liquid Dinitromethanide Salts, Inorg. Chem., 2010, 50, 679-685.
  • [3] a) Gao H., Ye C., Gutpa O.D., Xiao J.C., Hiskey M.A., 2,4,5-Trinitroimidazole-based Energetic Salts, Chem. Eur. J., 2007, 13, 3853-3860; b) Fischer N., Klapötke T.M., Stierstorfer J., Explosives Based on Diaminourea, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2011, 36, 225-232; c) Fischer N., Klapötke T.M., Piercey D.G., Stierstorfer J., Hydroxylammonium 5-Nitriminotetrazolates, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2012, 638(2), 302-310.
  • [4] a) Crawford M.J., Klapötke T.M., Martin F.A., Sabaté C.M., Energetic Salts of the Binary 5-Cyanotetrazolate Anion ([C2N5]-) with Nitrogen-Rich Cations, Chem. Eur. J., 2012, 17, 1683-1695; b) Klapötke T.M., Sabaté C.M., Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2010, 7(2), 161-173; c) Fischer N., Klapötke T.M., Stierstorfer J., Less Sensitive Transition Metal Salts of the 5-Nitrotetrazolate Anion, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2011, 637, 1273-1276; d) Xue H., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Quaternary Salts Containing bi(1,2,4-triazoles), Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 7009-7013.
  • [5] a) Xue H., Gao H., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Salts of 3-Nitro-1,2,4- triazole-5-one, 5-Nitroaminotetrazole, and other Nitro-substituted Azoles, Chem. Mater., 2007, 19, 1731-1739; b) Schmidt M.W., Gordon M.S., Boatz J.A., Triazolium-based Energetic Ionic Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2005, 109, 7285-7295; c) Wang Q., Li J.Z., Yu H.J., Fu X.L., Fan X.Z., Ji P.Y., Review on Azotetrazolate Nonmetal Salts, Chin. J. Energ. Mater., 2010, 5, 592-598; d) Singh R.P., Verma R.D., Meshri D.T., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Nitrogen-rich Salts and Ionic Liquids, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, 45, 3584-3601.
  • [6] Cardillo P., Dellavedova M., Gigante L., Lunghi A., Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Azido-1,2,4-triazoles: A Class of Heteroarenes with a High Nitrogen Content, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2012, 6, 1195-1201.
  • [7] Sheldrick G.M., SHELXS-97, Program for Crystal Structure Determination; University of. Göttingen: Germany, 1997.
  • [8] Sheldrick G.M., SHELXL-97, Program for Crystal Structure Refinement, University of Göttingen, Germany, 1997.
  • [9] Kissinger H.E., Raction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis, Anal. Chem., 1957, 18, 1702-1706.
  • [10] Ozawa T.A., A New Method of Analyzing Thermo-gravimatric Data, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1965, 38, 1881-1886.
  • [11] Zhang Y.Q., Guo Y., Joo Y.H., Parrish D.A., Shreeve J.M., 3,4,5-Trinitropyrazole- Based Energetic Salts, Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 10778-10784.
  • [12] a) Li Z.M., Xie S.H., Zhang J.G., Feng J.L., Wang K., Two High Nitrogen Content Energetic Compounds: 3,6-Diguanidino-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine and Its Diperchlorate, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2012, 57, 729-736; b) Wu B.D., Zhang J.G., Zhang T.L., Yang L., Zhou Z.N., Two Environmentally Friendly Energetic Compounds, [Mn(AZT)4(H2O)2](PA)2•4H2O and [Co(AZT)2(H2O)4](PA)2, Based on 3-Azido- 1,2,4-triazole (AZT) and Picrate (PA), Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2012, 1261-1268; c) Wu B.D., Wang S.W., Yang L., Zhang T.L., Zhang J.G., Preparation, Crystal Structures, Thermal Decomposition and Explosive Properties of Two Novel Energetic Compounds M(IMI)4(N3)2 (M = Cu(II) and Ni(II), IMI = Imidazole): The New High-Nitrogen Materials (N > 46%), Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2011, 2616-2623.
  • [13] Diaz D.D., Punna S., Holzer P., Mcpherson A.K., Sharpless K.B., Fokin V.V., Finn M.G., Click Chemistry in Materials Synthesis. 1. Adhesive Polymers from Copper-catalyzed Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 2004, 42, 4392-4403.
  • [14] Zhang T.L., Hu R.Z., Xie Y., et al., The Estimation of Critical-temperatures of Thermal-explosion for Energetic Materials using Nonistheramal DSC, Thermochim. Acta, 1994, 244, 171.
  • [15] Liu Z.T., Lao Y.L., Initiation Explosive Experimental, Beijing Institute of Technology, China, 1995.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-50c6df12-3b06-435d-a6ef-ac0a55eea8a2
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