Właściwości i zastosowanie węgli aktywnych otrzymanych z materiałów polimerowych

Choma, J.; Osuchowski, Ł.; Jaroniec, M.

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Tytuł artykułu

Właściwości i zastosowanie węgli aktywnych otrzymanych z materiałów polimerowych

Autorzy

Choma J. , Osuchowski Ł. , Jaroniec M.

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Warianty tytułu

Properties and applications of activated carbons obtained from polymeric materials

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wytwarzania, charakteryzacji i zastosowania węgli aktywnych otrzymanych z materiałów polimerowych, w tym z polimerów odpadowych. Opisano najważniejsze metody karbonizacji polimerów, a następnie ich aktywacji za pomocą różnych czynników aktywujących, takich jak KOH, CO₂ i H₂O. Wykazano, że węgle o bardzo dobrych parametrach struktury porowatej można otrzymać z sulfonowanej żywicy styrenowo-diwinylobenzenowej oraz z poli(chlorku winylidenu), a spośród polimerów odpadowych – z poli(tereftalanu etylenu). Opisano metody badań właściwości fizykochemicznych węgli aktywnych otrzymanych z polimerów, w tym przede wszystkim ich właściwości adsorpcyjnych. Jeden z najlepszych węgli aktywnych otrzymany z sulfonowanej żywicy styrenowo-diwinylobenzenowej miał powierzchnię właściwą bliską 4000 m²/g, całkowitą objętość porów 2,1 cm³/g i był w stanie zaadsorbować 40% wag. CO₂ na gram węgla w temperaturze 0°C pod ciśnieniem 1 bar oraz 4% wag. H₂ na gram węgla w temperaturze –196°C pod ciśnieniem 1 bar. Przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania węgli aktywnych otrzymanych z materiałów polimerowych do adsorpcji CO₂ i H₂, ale również do adsorpcji CH₄, C₆H₆, NO, CO, O₂, SO₂ i NH₃. Węgle otrzymane z polimerów odpadowych mogą być wykorzystane do adsorpcji barwników, herbicydów, jonów metali śladowych z wody oraz lotnych związków organicznych z powietrza. Interesujące są również próby wykorzystywania tych węgli do budowy elektrod baterii i superkondensatorów. Węgle aktywne otrzymywane z materiałów polimerowych cieszą się dużym zainteresowaniem, ponieważ mają bardzo dużą powierzchnię właściwą, dużą objętość porów, a jednocześnie są produkowane w dużych ilościach i mają przystępną cenę.

Results of studies on the synthesis, characterization and applications of activated carbons from polymeric materials, including polymer wastes, were presented. The major methods of polymer carbonization were described as well as of their activation by different activators such as KOH, CO₂ and H₂O. Carbons of very good porous structure parameters could be obtained from sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resins and polyvinylidene chloride but also from polyethylene terephthalate that represents polymer wastes. Methods for physicochemical characterization of activated carbons obtained from polymers were briefly presented, mainly in relation to their adsorption properties. One of the best activated carbons obtained from sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resin had the specific surface area close to 4000 m²/g, total pore volume of about 2.1 cm³/g and could adsorb 40 wt % CO₂ per 1 gram of carbon at 0°C and under the pressure of 1 bar, and also 4 wt % H₂ per 1 gram of carbon at –196°C, under the pressure of 1 bar. Potential applications of these activated carbons for adsorption of CO₂ and H₂ as well as CH₄, C₆H₆, NO, CO, O₂, SO₂ and NH₃ were also presented. Activated carbons obtained from polymer wastes could also be used for adsorption of dyes, herbicides, trace metal ions from water as well as adsorption of volatile organic compounds from the air. Attempts at the use of activated carbons for battery electrode and supercapacitor construction are also interesting. Activated carbons from polymeric materials attract a lot of attention due to their high specific surface area and large pore volume combined with large-scale and low-cost production.

Słowa kluczowe

prekursor polimerowy karbonizacja aktywacja materiał aktywny adsorpcja

carbonization activation active material adsorption

Wydawca

Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział Dolnośląski

Czasopismo

Ochrona Środowiska

Rocznik

2014

Tom

Vol. 36, nr 2

Strony

3--16

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 99 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Choma J.

jchoma@wat.edu.pl

Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Wydział Nowych Technologii i Chemii, Zakład Chemii, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa

autor

Osuchowski Ł.

l.osuchowski@wichir.waw.pl

Wojskowy Instytut Chemii i Radiometrii, al. gen. Antoniego Chruściela „Montera” 105, 00-910 Warszawa

autor

Jaroniec M.

jaroniec@kent.edu

Kent State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent, Ohio 44242

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