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Aspects of Pollution in Gdansk and Gdynia Harbours at the Coastal Zone of the South Baltic Sea

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
Organotin compounds (OTC), as well as metals, are toxic to many organisms. Even at very low concentrations OTC and metals can have several negative effects. The paper discusses key issues relating to the location of harbours in the coastal zone (including near the river mouths and semi‐closed access to the sea) and the pollution of harbour sediments with heavy metals (e.g. zinc, copper, nickel and lead) and organotin derivatives (e.g. butyltin, phenyltin, octyltin, and tricyclohexyltin), using the examples of the Gdańsk and Gdynia ports. The authors have described key spatial factors of the two ports which largely determine sedimentation processes. It has been shown that the heavy metals content in the sediments of the Port of Gdańsk does not exceed the concentration values permitted by Polish law, however, the problem with the establishment of standard concentration levels for organotin derivatives remains.
Słowa kluczowe
Twórcy
autor
  • The Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, Geography and Environmental Sciences, The North‐West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
autor
  • The Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, Geography and Environmental Sciences, The North‐West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
autor
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
  • Department of Environmental Protection, Maritime Institute, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
  • Department of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • 4. Bolałek J., Radke B. 2010. Aspects of pollution in the harbours located near the river mouth using the example of the Gdańsk and Klaipeda harbours. Prace i Studia Geograficzne T.44: 249‐265.
  • 5. Dembska, G., Bolałek, J., Aftanas, B., Guz, W., Wiśniewski, S., 2001. The share of labile and total forms of heavy metals in benthic sediments from the Port of Gdańsk.
  • 6. J. Siepak (eds.), Problemy analityczne badań osadów dennych. Sympozjum Naukowe Komitetu Chemii Analitycznej PAN. Conference materials. 64‐97. UAM, Poznań (in Polish).
  • 7. Dz. U. No. 55, Item 498, 2002. Ordinance of the Minister of Environment of 16 April 2002 on the types and concentrations of substances that cause spoil contamination. Polish Journal of Laws
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  • 9. HELCOM, 1992, Recommendation 13/1, Helsinki: HELCOM
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  • 11. Hoch M., 2001. Organotin compounds in the environment –an overview. Applied Geochemistry 16: 719 ‐ 743.
  • 12. ICES CM, E: 03, 2002, Report of the working group on marine sediments in relation to pollution. San Sebastian: AZTI, 11–15 March 2002.
  • 13. Langston, W.J., Pope, N.D., 1995. Determination of TBT adsorption and desorption in estuarine sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 31: 32‐43.
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  • 19. Pempkowiak J., 1992, Enrichment factors of heavy metals in the South Baltic surface sediment dated with 210Pb, 137Cs and 134Cs. Environmental International 17: 421‐428
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  • 21. Radke B., Łęczyński L., Wasik A., Namieśnik J., Bolalek J., 2008. The content of butyl‐ and phenyltin derivatives in the sediment from the Port of Gdańsk. Chemosphere 73: 407‐414.
  • 22. Radke B., Wasik A., Jewell L., Pączek U., Gałuszka A.Namieśnik J., 2012a. The seasonal changes of organotin compounds in water and sediment samples collected from the area of Port of Gdynia. Science of the Total Environment 441: 57‐66.
  • 23. Radke B., Wasik A., Jewell L., Pączek U., Piketh S., Namieśnik J., 2012b. The speciation of organotin compounds in sediment and water samples from the Port of Gdynia – in press in Soil and Sediment Contamination
  • 24. Pustelnikovas O., Dembska G., Radke B, Bolalek J., 2005, Sedimentation and distribution of microelements in ports of the South Baltic Sea (Klaipėda and Gdansk). In
  • 25. W. Florek (eds) Geologia i geomorfologia pobrzeża i Południowego Bałtyku: 6: 67‐88, Słupsk: PAN (in Polish)
  • 26. Pustelnikovas O., Dembska G., Szefer P, Radke B., Bolałek J., 2008. Distribution of the element migration (state) forms of microelements in the sediments of Klaipeda and Gdańsk Ports, Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 36(4): 129‐149.
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  • 28. Wasik, A, Radke, B., Bolałek, J., Namieśnik, J., 2007. Optimisation of pressurised liquid extraction for elimination of sulphur interferences during determination of organotin compounds in sulphur‐rich sediments by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection, Chemosphere 68: 1‐9.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-4f8bf118-0a68-42bc-acc3-94ca77df854c
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