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Abstrakty
Piezoelectric gauges were used to measure the shock wave overpressure of aluminized explosives and of a TNT charge. An infrared thermal-imaging spectrometer was used to collect the infrared signatures produced by the explosion fireball when the examined explosives were detonated. The measurement of the infrared signatures was used to estimate the surface temperatures and the dimensions of the fireball. Two aluminized explosive compositions (RDX/Al/AP and RDX/Al/B/AP) have been analyzed. 500 g charges of the aluminized explosives were prepared and studied, and their TNT equivalences were calculated according to the experimental data and the explosion law. The highest surface temperatures of the fireballs of these aluminized explosives were up to 1600 °C, which was higher than that of the TNT charge. In the region of the highest surface temperature above 700 °C, the duration for the composition RDX/Al/AP was about 232 ms (2.73 times more than TNT), whilst RDX/Al/B/AP was about 360 ms. The fireballs obtained from the explosion of these aluminized explosives had larger dimensions than that of TNT, especially when the surface temperature was above 1000 °C. The test results indicate that the addition of boron powders to aluminized explosives is a good way to enhance their blast effect, to improve the temperature of the explosion field and to prolong the duration of the higher temperature.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
117--134
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaoling Wei, 200, Xuan Wu, Nanjing, P.R. China
autor
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaoling Wei, 200, Xuan Wu, Nanjing, P.R. China
autor
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaoling Wei, 200, Xuan Wu, Nanjing, P.R. China
autor
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Xiaoling Wei, 200, Xuan Wu, Nanjing, P.R. China
Bibliografia
- [1] Wildegger-Gaissmaier A.E., Aspects of Thermobaric Weaponry, Military Technology, 2004, 28(6), 125-126.
- [2] Yen N.H., Wang L.Y., Reactive Metals in Explosives, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2012, 37(2), 143-155.
- [3] Cook M.A., Filler A.S., Keyes R.T., Partridge W.S., Ursenbach W., Aluminized Explosives, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61(2), 189-196.
- [4] Liu R., Yang L., Zhou Z., Zhang T., Thermal Stability and Sensitivity of RDX-based Aluminized Explosives, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2014, 115(2), 1939-1948.
- [5] Mishra V.S., Bhagat A.L., Vadali S.R., Singh V.K., Wasnik R.D., Asthana S., Effect of Tungsten on Aluminized Melt Cast High Explosive Formulations, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 9(2), 147-154.
- [6] Carney J.R., Miller J.S., Gump J.C., Pangilinan G.I., Time-resolved Optical Measurements of the Post-detonation Combustion of Aluminized Explosives, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2006, 77(6), 63103.
- [7] Manner V.W., Pemberton S.J., Gunderson J.A., Herrera T.J., Lloyd J.N., Salazar P.J., Rae P., Tappan B.C., The Role of Aluminum in the Detonation and Post-detonation Expansion of Selected Cast HMX-based Explosives, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2012, 37(2), 198-206.
- [8] Gogulya M.F., Dolgoborodov A.Y., Makhov M.N., Brazhnikov M.A., Shetinin V.G., Detonation Performance of Aluminized Compositions Based on BTNEN, 12th Int. Detonation Symposium, San Diego, California, 2002.
- [9] Peuker J.M., Krier H., Glumac N., Particle Size and Gas Environment Effects on Blast and Overpressure Enhancement in Aluminized Explosives, Proc. Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(2), 2205-2212.
- [10] Trzciński W.A., Cudziło S., Szymańczyk L., Studies of Detonation Characteristics of Aluminum Enriched RDX Compositions, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2007, 32(5), 392-400.
- [11] Trzciński W.A., Cudziło S., Paszula J., Studies of Free Field and Confined Explosions of Aluminium Enriched RDX Compositions, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2007, 32(6), 502-508.
- [12] Huang H., Huang H.J., Huang Y., Wang X.C., Influence of Particle Size of Aluminum Powder and Morphology of Oxidizer in RDX Based Aluminized Explosive on the Ability of Accelerating Metal (I), Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, 2003.
- [13] Brousseau P., Anderson C.J., Nanometric Aluminum in Explosives, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2002, 27(5), 300-306.
- [14] Lefrancois A., Baudin G., Le Gallic C., Boyce P., Coudoing J.P., Nanometric Aluminum Powder Influence on the Detonation Efficiency of Explosives, 12th Int. Detonation Symposium, San Diego, California, 2002.
- [15] Shalom A., Aped H., Kivity M., Horowitz D., The Effect of Nanosized Aluminum on Composite Propellant Properties, AIAA Paper, 2005, 3604.
- [16] Brousseau P., Dorsett H.E., Cliff M.D., Anderson C.J., Detonation Properties of Explosives Containing Nanometric Aluminum Powder, 12th Int. Detonation Symposium, San Diego, California, 2002.
- [17] Mench M.M., Yeh C.L., Kuo K.K., Propellant Burning Rate Enhancement and Thermal Behavior of Ultra-fine Aluminum Powders (Alex), Energetic Materials − Production, Processing and Characterization, 1998, 30-31.
- [18] Simonenko V.N., Zarko V.E., Comparative Studying the Combustion Behavior of Composite Propellants Containing Ultra Fine Aluminum, Energetic Materials − Modelling of Phenomena, Experimental Characterization, Environmental Engineering, 1999, 21.
- [19] Lessard P., Beaupre F., Brousseau P., Burn Rate Studies of Composite Propellants Containing Ultra-fine Metals, Energetic Materials − Ignition, Combustion and Detonation, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2001, 81-88.
- [20] Baker W.E., Explosion in Air, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1973, p. 281.
- [21] Kinney G.F., Graham K.J., Explosive Shocks in Air, Springer, Berlin, New York, 1985, 1.
- [22] Swisdak M., Explosion Effects and Properties. Part I. Explosion Effects in Air, DTIC Document, 1975.
- [23] Kumar A.S., Rao V.B., Sinha R.K., Rao A.S., Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX, Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2010, 35(4), 359-364.
- [24] Simić D., Popović M., Sirovatka R., Anđelić U., Influence of Cast Composite Thermobaric Explosive Compositions on Air Shock Wave Parameters, Scientific Technical Review, 2013, 63(2), 63-69.
- [25] Henrych J., Major R., The Dynamics of Explosion and its Use, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979, p. 558.
- [26] Haynes W.M., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2012, p. 2664.
- [27] Grishkin A.M., Dubnov L.V., Davidov V.Y., Levshina Y.A., Mikhailova T.N., Effect of Powdered Aluminum Additives on the Detonation Parameters of High Explosives, Combust., Explos. Shock Waves (Engl. Transl.), 1993, 29(2), 239-241.
- [28] Victorov S.B., The Effect of Al2O3 Phase Transitions on Detonation Properties of Aluminized Explosives, 12th Int. Detonation Symposium, San Diego, California, 2002.
- [29] Lewis W.K., Rumchik C.G., Broughton P.B., Lindsay C.M., Time-resolved Spectroscopic Studies of Aluminized Explosives: Chemical Dynamics and Apparent Temperatures. J. Appl. Phys., 2012, 111(1), 14903.
- [30] Held M., TNT-Equivalent, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1983, 8(5), 158-167.
- [31] Tao W.C., Tarver C.M., Kury J.W., Lee C.G., Ornellas D.L., Understanding Composite Explosive Energetics: 4. Reactive Flow Modeling of Aluminum Reaction Kinetics in PETN and TNT Using Normalized Product Equation of State, Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA,USA, 1993.
- [32] Jacobs P.W., Whitehead H.M., Decomposition and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate. Chemical Reviews, 1969, 69(4), 551-590.
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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