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Hybrid laminates with continuous fiber reinforcement, such as glass reinforced aluminium laminate (GLARE), aramid reinforced aluminum laminate (ARALL), or carbon reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL), have been developed to increase the lightweight potential and fatigue resistance applied for aircraft structures. However, the use of thermosetting matrices imposes material limitations regarding recycling, malleability, and manufacturing-cycle times. The inverse hybrid laminate approach is based on a continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix, in which a metal insert is integrated. For efficient manufacturing of the novel composites in high-volume production processes, conventional sheet metal–forming methods have been applied. It helped to reduce the cycle times and the costs of the forming equipment compared to currently used hybrid laminate-processing technologies. The present study analyzes the damage to the inverse hybrid laminate structures resulting from the interlaminar shear strength test. The tests were performed for eight laminate material configurations, which differed by the type and directions of the reinforced glass and carbon fibers in the polyamide matrix and the number of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) layers in the laminates. Industrial computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy were used for analysis. Observed damages, including fiber–matrix debonding, fiber breakages, matrix fractures, interfacial debonding, and delamination in selected areas of the material, are strictly dependent on the laminate configurations. FRP layers reinforced by fibers perpendicular to the bending axis presented better resistance against fractures of the matrix, but their adhesion to the aluminum inserts was lower than in layers reinforced by fibers parallel to the bending axis.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
130--144
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies – Fraunhofer Project Center, Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
autor
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies – Fraunhofer Project Center, Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
autor
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies – Fraunhofer Project Center, Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Lightweight Structures and Polymer Technology, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Str. 31-33, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
autor
- Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
Bibliografia
- [1] Kavitha K, Vijayan R, Sathishkumar T. Fibre-metal laminates: a review of reinforcement and formability characteristics. Mater Today Proc. 2020;22:601–5.
- [2] Drossel WG, Riemer M, Scholz P, Osiecki T, Kroll L, Frankiewicz M, et al. Forming induced interface structures for manufacturing hybrid metal composites. CIRP Ann. 2020;69(1):253–6.
- [3] Osiecki T, Gerstenberger C, Timmel T, Frankiewicz M, Dziedzic R, Scholz P, et al. Inverse hybrid laminate for lightweight applications. Key Eng Mater. 2020;847:40–5.
- [4] Ding Z, Wang H, Luo J, Li N. A review on forming technologies of fibre metal laminates. Int J Light Mater Manuf. 2021;4(1):110–26.
- [5] Stefaniak D, Prussak R. Chances and challenges in the application of fiber metal laminates. Adv Mater Lett. 2019;10(2):91–7.
- [6] Zhang X, Chen Y, Hu J. Recent advances in the development of aerospace materials. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2018;97:22–34.
- [7] Botelho EC, Silva RA, Pardini LC, Rezende MC. A review on the development and properties of continuous fiber/epoxy/aluminum hybrid composites for aircraft structures. Mater Res. 2006;9(3):247–56.
- [8] Heggemann T, Homberg W. Deep drawing of fiber metal laminates for automotive lightweight structures. Compos Struct. 2019;216(February):53–7.
- [9] Bambach MRR. Fibre composite strengthening of thin steel passenger vehicle roof structures. Thin-Walled Struct. 2014;74:1–11.
- [10] Vermeeren CAJR. An historic overview of the development of fibre metal laminates. Appl Compos Mater. 2003;10(4–5):189–205.
- [11] Zopp C, Dittes A, Nestler D, Scharf I, Kroll L, Lampke T. Quasi-static and fatigue bending behavior of a continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic/metal laminate. Compos Part B Eng. 2019;174(June), p.107043.
- [12] Nestler D, Trautmann M, Nendel S, Wagner G, Kroll L. Innovative hybride Laminate aus Aluminiumlegierungsfolien und faserverstärkten thermoplastischen Schichten. Materwiss Werksttech. 2016;47(11):1121–31.
- [13] Osman E, Rashid MWA, Abd Manaf ME, Moriga T, Kamarudin H. Influence of hygrothermal conditioning on the properties of compressed kenaf fiber/epoxy reinforced aluminium laminates. J Mech Eng Sci. 2020;14(4):7405–15.
- [14] Heggemann T, Homberg W, Sapli H. Combined curing and forming of fiber metal laminates. Procedia Manuf. 2020;47(2019):36–42.
- [15] Liu C, Du D, Li H, Hu Y, Xu Y, Tian J, et al. Interlaminar failure behavior of GLARE laminates under short-beam three-point-bending load. Compos Part B Eng. 2016;97(May):361–7.
- [16] Pahr DH, Rammerstorfer FG, Rosenkranz P, Humer K, Weber HW. A study of short-beam-shear and double-lap-shear specimens of glass fabric/epoxy composites. Compos Part B Eng. 2002;33(2):125–32.
- [17] Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang H. Research progress on inter-laminar failure behavior of fiber metal laminates. Adv Polym Technol. 2020:1–20.
- [18] Bieniaś J, Jakubczak P, Droździel M, Surowska B. Interlaminar shear strength and failure analysis of aluminium-carbon laminates with a glass fiber interlayer after moisture absorption. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(13):1–14.
- [19] Hinz S, Omoori T, Hojo M, Schulte K. Damage characterisation of fibre metal laminates under interlaminar shear load. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2009;40(6–7):925–31.
- [20] Bellini C, Di Cocco V, Sorrentino L. Interlaminar shear strength study on CFRP/Al hybrid laminates with different properties. Frat ed Integrita Strutt. 2020;14(51):442–8.
- [21] Bahari-Sambran F, Meuchelboeck J, Kazemi-Khasragh E, Eslami-Farsani R, Arbab Chirani S. The effect of surface modified nanoclay on the interfacial and mechanical properties of basalt fiber metal laminates. Thin-Walled Struct. 2019;144:106343.
- [22] Liu J, Xue W. Unconstrained bending and springback behaviors of aluminum-polymer sandwich sheets. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017;91(5–8):1517–29.
- [23] Tsukada T, Minakuchi S, Takeda N. Identification of process-induced residual stress/strain distribution in thick thermoplastic composites based on in situ strain monitoring using optical fiber sensors. J Compos Mater. 2019;53(24):3445–58.
- [24] Yanagimoto J, Ikeuchi K. Sheet forming process of carbon fiber reinforced plastics for lightweight parts. CIRP Ann. 2012;61(1):247–50.
- [25] Hu Y, Zhang Y, Fu X, Hao G, Jiang W. Mechanical properties of Ti/CF/PMR polyimide fiber metal laminates with various layup configurations. Compos Struct. 2019;229(June):111408.
- [26] Che L, Zhou Z, Fang G, Ma Y, Dong W, Zhang J. Cured shape prediction of fiber metal laminates considering interfacial interaction. Compos Struct. 2018;194(April):564–74.
- [27] Li H, Xu Y, Hua X, Liu C, Tao J. Bending failure mechanism and flexural properties of GLARE laminates with different stacking sequences. Compos Struct. 2018;187:354–63.
- [28] Ma Y, Ueda M, Yokozeki T, Sugahara T, Yang Y, Hamada H. A comparative study of the mechanical properties and failure behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy and carbon fiber/polyamide 6 unidirectional composites. Compos Struct. 2017;160:89–99.
- [29] Dhaliwal GS, Newaz GM. Experimental and numerical investigation of flexural behavior of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates. J Reinf Plast Compos. 2016;35(12):945–56.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-4dbffbf5-8307-4b68-b3da-af3d95063972