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The maritime transport industry is one of the most critical tradeways worldwide and has traditionally been a male stronghold, even as more and more women are admitted. Just as in many countries, including Bulgaria, the share of women in the maritime industry is always considerably less than that of men, exacerbated by the absence of any institutional framework specifically oriented toward gender issues in this sector. The article discusses the reasons for the need to create a public agency in Bulgaria that is concerned with monitoring women’s participation in the maritime transport sector. The study examines the challenges that women face in this field, such as discrimination, prejudices, and lack of institutional support. The study combines a holistic approach toward national bodies for gender equality in the maritime sector with empirical and qualitative analyses of the responses of 136 women actively engaged in water-based transportation in Bulgaria, including professionals and students from the maritime departments at the Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the potential role of such a national body in addressing the outlined issues and enhancing proposals for improving women’s representation, employment, and career prospects in the maritime transport sector.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
47--53
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
autor
- Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, Varna, Bulgaria
autor
- Technical University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Bibliografia
- [1] R. Bakalova, "A statistical study of blue business and women in IT," EPRA Int. J. Res. Dev., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 217–220, Oct. 2023.
- [2] B. Belev et al., "Analysis of female interest in maritime education at Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy Varna and at the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split," Trans. Marit. Sci., vol. 9, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346392545_Analysis_of_Female_Interest_in_Maritime_Education_at_Nikola_Vaptsarov_Naval_Academy_Varna_and_at_the_Faculty_of_Maritime_Studies_University_of_Split. [Accessed: Feb. 20, 2025].
- [3] BIMCO, "Seafarer Workforce Report," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.ics-shipping.org/press-release/new-bimco-ics-seafarer-workforce-report-warns-of-serious-potential-officer-shortage/. [Accessed: Feb. 24, 2025].
- [4] Bulgarian Industrial Capital Association, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://bica-bg.org/en/. [Accessed: Feb. 7, 2025].
- [5] Commission for Protection against Discrimination, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.kzd-nondiscrimination.com/layout/. [Accessed: Feb. 7, 2025].
- [6] I. Conev and D. Dimitrakiev, "Use of modern technologies at Naval Academy Varna," in Proc. Int. Assoc. Marit. Univ. (IAMU) Conf., Helsinki, Finland, Oct. 18–21, 2023. ISSN: 2706-6762.
- [7] European Institute for Gender Equality, "Gender Equality Index," 2025. [Online]. Available: https://eige.europa.eu/gender-equality-index/2024/domain/work/BG/age. [Accessed: Feb. 7, 2025].
- [8] European Transport Workers' Federation (ETF), "Women in the port and maritime sector, why not?," Apr. 3, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.etf-europe.org/women-in-the-port-and-maritime-sector-why-not/. [Accessed: Feb. 7, 2025].
- [9] Executive Agency Maritime Administration, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.marad.bg/en. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
- [10] B. Gramchev, S. Lesidrenska, and S. Dimitrakieva, "Classification of factors affecting employee satisfaction in modern business organizations," in Proc. Conf. Electrical Machines, Drives and Power Systems (ELMA), Bulgaria, 2023, pp. 43–45, ISBN: 979-8-3503-1127-3.
- [11] International Maritime Organization (IMO), "International Day for Women in Maritime: Shaping the future of maritime safety," May 17, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/International-Women-In-Maritime-Day-2024.aspx. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
- [12] International Maritime Organization (IMO), "Women in Maritime." [Online]. Available: https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/technicalcooperation/paginas/womeninmaritime.aspx. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
- [13] M. Kitada, "Women seafarers and their identities," Ph.D. dissertation, Cardiff Univ., United Kingdom, 2010.
- [14] Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.mlsp.government.bg/eng. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
- [15] S. Lutzkanova, B. Mednikarov, K. Kalinov, and V. Stoyanov, "Current trends in the maritime education—transition and transformation from traditions to modern times," in Proc. IAMU Conf., Buzzards Bay, MA, USA, Oct. 10–11, 2024, pp. 85–90, ISSN: 2706-6762.
- [16] S. C. Narayanan, G. R. Emad, and J. Fei, "Key factors impacting women seafarers’ participation in the evolving workplace: A qualitative exploration," Marine Policy, vol. 148, Art. no. 105407, 2023.
- [17] K. Narleva and S. Velinov, "Digitalization in the maritime industry: Opportunities and challenges," Publishing Center of Varna Free University "Chernorizets Hrabar", vol. 2, 2024, ISSN: 2815-5130.
- [18] National Statistical Institute, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.nsi.bg/en/content/766/statistical-data. [Accessed: Feb. 2, 2025].
- [19] K. Pike et al., "Gender in the maritime space: how can the experiences of women seafarers working in the UK shipping industry be improved?," J. Navigat., vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 1238–1251, 2021.
- [20] K. Pike et al., The Gender Empowerment and Multi-cultural Crew (GEM) Project Report, 2015–2016, for the ITF Seafarers’ Trust, 2016.
- [21] L. C. Piniero and M. Kitada, "Sexual harassment and women seafarers: The role of laws and policies to ensure occupational safety & health," Marine Policy, vol. 117, Art. no. 103938, 2020.
- [22] SHE4SEA Project, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://she4seaproject.eu. [Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025].
- [23] M. Stefanova and D. Kanev, "The impact of process innovations on maritime transport services in Bulgaria," in Proc. Int. Assoc. Marit. Univ. (IAMU) Conf., Batumi, Georgia, 2022. ISSN: 2706-6754 (Print), 2706-6762 (Electronic).
- [24] WINBIG Project, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://winbigproject.eu. [Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025].
- [25] WINBLUE Project, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://winblue-project.eu. [Accessed: Jan. 12, 2025].
- [26] WISTA, Women in Maritime Survey 2021: A Study of Maritime Companies and IMO Member States’ Maritime Authorities, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://wistainternational.com/wp-content/uploads/Women-in-maritime_survey-report_high-res.pdf. [Accessed: Jan. 7, 2025].
- [27] World Bank Group, "New report calls for boosting women’s employment and leadership in the transport sector," Jan. 30, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/01/30/new-report-calls-for-boosting-women-s-employment-and-leadership-in-the-transport-sector. [Accessed: Jan. 7, 2025].
- [28] UN Women, National Report of the Republic of Bulgaria on the Implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/b30_report_bulgaria_en_0.pdf. [Accessed: Feb. 17, 2025].
- [29] I. V. Yotsov, D. Y. Dimitrakiev, A. Zaburtov, and T. D. Koritarov, "Analysis of the logistics transport corridors in the Black Sea region based on the short sea shipping concept," in Proc. 18th Annu. Gen. Assembly of the Int. Assoc. Marit. Univ. (IAMU), Varna, Bulgaria, 2017, pp. 502–512. ISBN: 9789548991964.
Uwagi
1. Pełne imiona podano na stronie internetowej czasopisma w "Authors in other databases."
2. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-4d7ff11e-2f2b-4b91-901c-341f5624a68a
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