Facing increased Russian aggressiveness: popular militias, a potentially effective extra political and military instrument aimed at strategic deterrence

• Autorzy: Diaconu F.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The text starts by briefly exploring the present strategic situation on NATO’s Eastern rim. In a situation clearly dominated by sharply increased Russian aggressiveness, and by the fact that Russia has already made several attempts directly aimed at shaping, by force, a new regional and continental balance of power (see war against Georgia, in 2008, the annexation of Crimea, in 2014, and an extensive set of military actions against Ukraine), Russian plans and actions are legitimately worrying NATO and, above all, the small or medium-sized countries on the Eastern border of the North Atlantic Alliance. Starting mainly in 2014, Russian aggressiveness generated some significant reactions within NATO, including the political decision to increase defence budgets and deploying (mainly by rotation) military forces belonging to Western member states in the directly threatened countries. These countries (the three small Baltic republics, Poland and Romania) are also strengthening their defensive capabilities, buying new weapons systems, and by hosting or organising NATO defensive exercises. But all these deterrents are costly, and implementing them is time-consuming. It is for these reasons that the article examines the political- strategic necessity of implementing national policies aimed at quickly generating and consolidating potent popular militias. These militias, which are an obvious embodiment of a very strong political will at national level, might be, if properly used, an extra significant deterrent, directly telling Putin’s regime it has no real chance of winning a quick and cheap victory, if it behaves aggressively against states on the Eastern rim of NATO. At this very moment, more than ever before (at least for the almost 30 years since the end of the Cold War), NATO is confronted with the openly aggressive foreign policy, strategic plans and strategic actions of the Russian Federation.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Russia; imperial expansionism; NATO; strategic deterrence; political will; effectiveness; balance of power; popular militia

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Security and Defence Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 15, No. 2
• Strony: 38--53
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Diaconu F.

• Faculty of Political Science University of Bucharest, Romania

Bibliografia

• 1. Adamowski J., Estonia Joins Finland In Howitzer Procurement, 6.02.2017, https:// www.defensenews.com/land/2017/02/06/estonia-joins-finland-in-howitzerprocurement/.
• 2. Ahronheim A., 10.07.2017, Poland To Buy Israeli-Made Patriot Missiles, http://www. jpost.com/Israel-News/Poland-to-buy-Israeli-made-Patriot-missiles-499233.
• 3. Bugajski J., Cold Peace: Russia’s New Imperialism, 2004.
• 4. Carver Field Marshall Lord, Britain’s Army In the Twentieth Century, 1998.
• 5. Churchill W., Al Doilea Război Mondial [The Second World War], 1996.
• 6. Dufour J.-L., Crizele Internaţionale De La Beijing (1900) La Kosovo (1999) [International Crises From Beijing (1900) To Kosovo (1999)], 2002.
• 7. Goble P., Lithuanian Popular Militia Expands to Defend Against Russian Threat, in “Eurasia Daily Monitor”, 7.03.2017, https://jamestown.org/program/lithuanianpopular-militia-expands-defend-russian-threat/.
• 8. Gorbachev Criticises Russian Policy in Chechnya, 4.12.1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ europe/549638.stm.
• 9. Ilie L. (reporting), Powell S. (editing), Romania Says Any Patriot Missile System Buy Meant To Boost Defense, 15.07.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-romaniadefense/romania-says-any-patriot-missile-system-buy-meant-to-boost-defenseidUSKBN1A00EE.
• 10. Jones S.G., In The Graveyard Of Empires: America’s War in Afghanistan, 2009, 2010.
• 11. Marinas R.-S., Romania Intends To Buy Patriot Missiles From U.S. To Boost Defences, 20.04. 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/romania-usa-patriot/romania-intendsto-buy-patriot-missiles-from-u-s-to-boost-defences-idUSL8N1HS4FO.
• 12. Mehta A., Romania Cleared To Buy Patriot Missile Defense System, 11.07.2017, https:// www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2017/07/11/romania-cleared-to-buy-patriotmissile-defense-system/.
• 13. Ministry of National Defence, The Concept Of Defence Of The Republic Of Poland, May 2017.
• 14. Perret G., A Country Made By War: From The Revolution To Vietnam – The Story Of America’s Rise To Power, 1989.
• 15. Shapiro, J. L., A Tale Of Two Economies, 29. 11. 2016, https://geopoliticalfutures.com/atale-of-two-economies-russia-and-the-us/.
• 16. Shirreff Gen. Sir R., Olex-Szczytowski M., Arming For Deterrence: How Poland And NATO Should Counter A Resurgent Russia, July 2016.
• 17. Shultz R.H. Jr., Dew A.J., Insurgents, Terrorists, And Militias: The Warriors Of Contemporary Combat, 2006.
• 18. Schultz T., NATO Voices Skepticism Over Size Of Russia’s Zapad Military Exercise, http://www.dw.com/en/nato-voices-skepticism-over-size-of-russias-zapad-militaryexercise/a-39682346, [accessed: 14.09. 2017].
• 19. Strategic Concept For the Defence and Security of The Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. Adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon, 2010, http://www.nato.int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf.
• 20. The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept agreed by the Heads of State and Government participating in the Meeting of the North Atlantic Council, 7–8 November 1991, http:// www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_23847.htm, [accessed: 26.08. 2010].
• 21. “The World Factbook”, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/. Walt S.M., The Origin Of Alliances, 1987.
• 22. Westwood, J.N., Endurance And Endeavour: Russian History 1812–1986, third edition 1987, 1988.
• 23. Yeltsin Speaks Of Guilt Over Chechnya, 8.10. 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/ europe/961848.stm.
• 24. Zapad-2017 Exercise Puts Russian Army’s „Nervous System” To Test, http://tass.com/ defense/966366 [accessed: 19.09. 2017].

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).