Tradycyjne materiały budowlane Arabii Saudyjskiej i ich wykorzystanie

• Autorzy: Radwanek-Bąk Barbara

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7306/2025.8

Warianty tytułu

EN

Traditional Saudi building materials and their use

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

For most of us, Saudi Arabia seems to be an exotic country - a land of rich sheikhs, oil and gas deposits, camels and deserts. Until recently, it was closed to outside visitors, but a few years ago the situation changed and now you can not only enter the country, but also travel around it without restriction. Its area is almost 7 times larger than Poland, covering about 2/3 of the territory of the Arabian Peninsula, with a population of only about 32 million, more than 53% of which is concentrated in several metropolises (Riyadh, Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Al Damman). Large areas of the country are sparsely populated and covered by desert, including the world’s larg-est sand desert, Ar Rab al Khali. Small villages and settlements dominate, and some of the population still leads a nomadic lifestyle, following herds of camels. It is also an area with a diverse geological structure and a rich, centuries-old history. A kind of synthesis of these two aspects are old, historic buildings - their location, architecture, and above all, the materials from which they were built. The paper has the character of geological snapshots of the journey, showing these elements as examples of well-preserved or restored old buildings in some places, such as Thee Ain, Rial Almaa, Dhahran Al Janub, Jeddah, Hegra, Al Ula, Yanbu and Riyadh. Its aim is to present traditional building materials that have been used for centuries in the territory of present-day Saudi Arabia, and to draw attention to the untapped geotourism potential of the places where they were used. Analysing traditional building materials and their use provides valuable information on a regional material culture, as well as on the geodiversity of the region. Many buildings can therefore be admired not only as works of architecture and art, but also as geotourist attractions.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Arabia Saudyjska; materiały budowlane; cegła adobe

EN

Saudi Arabia; building materials; adobe brick

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Geologiczny
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 73, nr 1
• Strony: 90--97
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., fot., map.

Twórcy

autor

Radwanek-Bąk Barbara

• Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, ul. J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-9902

Bibliografia

• 1. AL MOHAYA J., ELASSAL M.2023 - Assessment of Geosites and Geotouristic Sites for Mapping Geotourism: A Case Study of Al-Soudah, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Geoheritage, 15:7; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-022-00774-w
• 2. AUSTIN G. 1996- Adobe and similar materials [W:] Industrial minerals and rocks: 279-286. Carr D.D (wyd.) Soc. For Mining, Metallurgy and Exploitation Inc. Littleton. Colorado.
• 3. BiGoT M., ALABOUVETTE B. 1976 - Geology and mineralization of the tertiary Red Sea coast of Northern Saudi Arabia: Provisional synthesis and work program (Technical Record 76-JED-5) Bureau of Geological and Mining Research, Saudi Geological Survey, Jeddah.
• 4. ELDOSOUKY A.M., REDAA.Y., EL-QASSAS R.A.Y., THANH PHAM L., ABDELRAHMAN K., ALHUMIMIDI M.S., EL BAHRAWY A., MICKUS K., SEHSAH H. 2022 - Mapping main structures and related mineralization of the Arabian Shield (Saudi Arabia) using sharp edge detector of transformed gravity data. Minerals, 12: 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/min12010071
• 5. FRITZ H., ABDELSALAM M., ALI K., BINGEN B., COLLINS A., FOWLER A., GHEBREAB W., HAUZENBERGER C., JOHNSON P., KUSKY T. 2013 - Orogen styles in the East African Orogen: A review of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian tectonic evolution. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 86: 65-106.
• 6. GENNA A., NEHLIG P., LE GOFF E., GUERROT C., SHANTIM. 2002 - Proterozoic tectonism of the Arabian Shield. Precambr. Res., 117: 21-40.
• 7. GRAINGER D. 2007-The geological evolution of Saudi Arabia. A voy age through space and time. Saudi Geol. Survey.
• 8. HUGES G., JOHNSON R.S. 2005 - Lithostratigraphy of the Red Sea Region. GeoArabia, 10 (3): 49-126; https://doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia100349
• 9. HUGHES G. 2004 - Middle to Upper Jurassic Saudi Arabian carbonate petroleum reservoirs: biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology and palaeoenvironments. GeoArabia, 9 (3): 79-114.
• 10. JOHNSON P.R. 2000 - Proterozoic Geology of Western Saudi Arabia-Southern Sheet, Saudi Geological Survey, Open-File Report USGS-OF-99-7.
• 11. JOHNSON P.R. 2006 - Explanatory notes to the map of proterozoic geology of western Saudi Arabia. Technical report. SGS-Tr-2006-4.
• 12. KARMOWSKI J. 2014 - Uwagi na temat predynastycznej architektury suszonej cegły mułowej w Egipcie. Metodyka dokumentacji i próba rekonstrukcji. Wiad. Konserwat., 39: 45-53.
• 13. KEMP B. 2000 - Soil (including mud-brick architecture). [W:] Nicholson P.T., Shaw I. (red.), Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology:78-104. Cambridge University Press.
• 14. LABOUN A.A. 2019 - The Paleozoic Geology of Saudi Arabia: History, Tectono-Stratigraphy, Glaciations, and Natural Resources. In The Structural Geology Contribution to the Africa-Eurasia Geology: Basement and Reservoir Structure, Ore Mineralisation and Tectonic Modellin; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 99-103.
• 15. MAKHLOUF11., ABU HAMAD A., BASEM MOH B. 2017 - Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Ordovician Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation in southern Jordan. Arab J. Geosc., 10: 178; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2977-1
• 16. MOUFTI M.R.K., NÉMETH K. 2016 - Geoheritage of volcanic harrats in Saudi Arabia. Springer, Cham: 33-120; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33015-0_3
• 17. MOUFTI M.R., NÉMETH K. 2013 - The intra-continental Al Madinah Volcanic Field, western Saudi Arabia: a proposal to establish harrat Al Madinah as the first volcanic geopark in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Geoheritage, 5: 185-206; doi: 10.1007/s12371-013-0081-9
• 18. MOUFTI M.R., NÉMETH K., EL-MASRY N., QADDAH A. 2013 - Geoheritage values of one of the largest maar craters in the Arabian Peninsula: The Al Wahbah Crater and other volcanoes (Harrat Kishb, Saudi Arabia). Cent. Europ. J. Geosci., 5 (2): 254-271; https//doi.org/10.2478/s13533-012-0125-8
• 19. MUSTOE G.E. 1982 - The origin of honeycomb weathering. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 93: 108-115.
• 20. NÉMETH K., MOUFTI M.R. 2017 - Geoheritage values of a mature monogenetic volcanic field in intra-continental settings: Harrat Khaybar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Geoheritage, 9 (3): 311-328; doi: 10.1007/s12371-017-0243-2
• 21. POWERS R.W., RAMIREZ L.F., REDMOND C.D., ELBERG E.L. 1966 - Geology of the Arabian Peninsula. Sedimentary geology of Saudi Arabia. US Geol Surv Prof Pap 560-D.
• 22. POWERS R.W. 2010 - Lexique Stratigraphic International-Saudi Arabia. Available online: http://paleopolis.rediris.es/LEXICON/KSA/Plate_01.htm
• 23. RAUSCH R., SIMON T., AL AJMIH., DIRKS H. 2014 - The scarp lands of Saudi Arabia. Arab. J. Geosci., 7 (6): 2437-2450; https://doi/org/10.1007/s12517-013-0918-1
• 24. SAFONOV A., MINCHENKOV K. 2023 - Mathematical Simulation of Honeycomb Weathering via Moisture Transport and Salt Deposition. Geosci., 13: 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060161
• 25. SEN S., ALMUSABEH A., ABOUELRESHM O. 2023a - Geoheritage and geotourism potential of Tuwaiq Mountain, Saudi Arabia. Geoheritage, 15 (3): 93; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-023-00861-6
• 26. SEN S., MIGOŃ P., ALMUSABEH A., ABOUELRESH M.O. 2023b - Jabal Al-Qarah, Saudi Arabia: From a local tourist spot and Cultural World Heritage to a geoheritage site of possible global relevance. Geoheritage, 15 (4): 114; https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12371-023-00879-w
• 27. STERN R.J., JOHNSON P. 2010 - Continental lithosphere of the Arabian Plate: A geologic, petrologic, and geophysical synthesis. Earth Sci. Rev., 101: 29-67.
• 28. SUBHAJIT SEN S., ABOUELRESH M.O., AL-MUSABEH A.H. A.H., FAHAD AL-ISMAIL F.S. 2024 - Potential Geoheritage resources in Saudi Arabia for geotourism development: In the context of IUCN theme. Inter. J. Geoheritag. Parks, 1: 98-112; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2024.01.004

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).