Heavy metal concentration and potential health risk assessment for the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, Linnaeus 1758) from the Gediz Delta (Eastern Aegean, Türkiye)

• Autorzy: Taş Elif Çağrı , Başaran Asli , Sunlu Uğur , Salman Alp

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.26881/oahs-2024.2.05

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The present paper is the first document on heavy metal levels in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) collected from the Gediz Delta in the Eastern Aegean (Türkiye). In this study, concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb were determined in the liver, gills, and muscle tissues of A. anguilla eels. Sixty dead eels were obtained between June 2015 and January 2016, and their total size and weight were measured. Heavy metal accumulation levels in edible muscle tissue of the eels were compared with national and international standards, and Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Total Target Hazard Quotient (Σ THQ) were calculated. It was determined that metal concentration levels in A. anguilla follow the sequence of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Zn has the highest concentration in all sampling periods and in all tissue types. It was found that Σ THQ was below 1 and amounted to 0.41. This result shows that there is no carcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of A. anguilla in adults.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

heavy metals; health risk assessment; Gediz River; Türkiye

• Wydawca: Institute of Oceanography University of Gdańsk
• Czasopismo: Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 53, No. 2
• Strony: 144--152
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 46 poz., map., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Taş Elif Çağrı

• Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir, Türkiye

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6478-9205

autor

Başaran Asli

• Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir, Türkiye

autor

Sunlu Uğur

• Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir, Türkiye

autor

Salman Alp

• Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, İzmir, Türkiye

Bibliografia

• [1]. Arnoux, A., Nienchewski, L.P., & Tatossian, Et J. (1981). Comparision de quelques methodes d’attaque des sediments marins pour l’analyse des metaux lourds. Journal Français d’hydrologie, 12 (1): 34, 29-48.
• [2]. Batty, J., & Pain, D. (1996). Metal concentrations in eels Anguilla anguilla from the Camargue Region of France. Biological Conservation 76, 17-23.
• [3]. Belpaire, C., & Goemans, G. (2007). Eels: contaminant cocktails pinpointing environmental contamination. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 1423-1436.
• [4]. Bernhard, M. (1976). Manual of methods in aquatic environment research. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, Food and Agriculture Organisation, 158, 1-123.
• [5]. Chien, L. C., Hung, T. C., Choang, K. Y., Yeh, C. Y., Meng, P. J., Shieh, M. J., & Han, B. C. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan. The Science of the Total Environment, 285, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00916-0 PMID:11874040
• [6]. Çağırankaya, S. S., & Meriç, B. T. (2013). Turkey’s important wetlands: RAMSAR Sites, Ankara, Türkiye. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.
• [7]. Dekker, W. (2003). On the distribution of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and its fisheries. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60(7) 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1139/f03-066
• [8]. Dural, M., Goksu, M. Z. L., & Ozak, A. A. (2007). Investigation of heavy metal levels in economically important fishspecies captured from the Tuzla Lagoon. Food Chemistry, 102, 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.001
• [9]. El Morhit, M., Fekhaoui, M., Élie, P., Girard, P., Yahyaoui, A., El Abidi, A., & Jbilou, M. (2009). Heavy metals in sediment, water and the European glass eel, Anguilla anguilla (Osteichthyes: Anguillidae), from Loukkos River estuary (Morocco, Eastern Atlantic) Cybium 33(3), 219-228.
• [10]. Esteve, C., Alcaide, E., & Ureña, R. (2012). The effect of metals on condition and pathologies of European eel (Anguilla anguilla): In situ and laboratory experiments. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 109, 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.10.002 PMID:22030412
• [11]. FAO. (1983). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fisheries Circular, 464, 5-100.
• [12]. FAO/WHO. (2004). Summary and conclusions of the sixty-first meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (JECFA). Retrived from ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/ jecfa/jecfa61sc.pdf
• [13]. FAO/WHO. (2010). Summary report of the seventy-third meeting of JECFA, Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (JECFA). Geneva.
• [14]. FAO/WHO. (2011). Food Standards programme codex committee on contaminants in foods Food. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 1-89. CF/5 INF/1.
• [15]. Genç, T. O., & Yilmaz, F. (2017). Metal Accumulations in water, sediment, crab (Callinectes sapidus) and two fish species (Mugil cephalus and Anguilla anguilla) from the Köyceğiz Lagoon System-Turkey: An index analysis approach. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 99, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-017-2121-7 PMID:28612229
• [16]. Gülcü Gür, B., & Tekin Özan, S. (2017). The seasonal variations of heavy metal levels in muscle, liver and gill of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) inhabiting Işıklı Lake (Turkey). The Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 8(1), 40-45.
• [17]. Han, B.C., Jeng, W.L., Chen, R.Y., Fang, G.T., Hung, T.C., & Tseng, R.J. (1998). Estimation of target hazard quotients and potential health risks for metals by consumption of seafood in Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 35, 711 720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900535
• [18]. Has-Schön, E., Bogut, I., & Strelec, I. (2006). Heavy metal profile in five fish species included in human diet, domiciled in the end flow of river Neretva (Croatia). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 50, 545-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-005-0047-2 PMID:16453065
• [19]. Heath, A. G. (1987). Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC Press. Isani, G., Andreani, G., Cocchioni, F., Fedeli, D., Carpené, E., & Falcioni, G. (2009). Cadmium accumulation and biochemical responses in Sparus aurata following sublethal Cd exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72(1), 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.04.015 PMID:18538842
• [20]. İhan, A. (2017). Inland water fish of İzmir. İzmir Fisheries. İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Press, İzmir. Kargın, F. (1996). Seasonal changes in levels of heavy metalsin tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from İskenderun Gulf (Turkey). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 90, 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00282669
• [21]. Leblanc, J. C., Guérin, T., Noël, L., Calamassi-Tran, G., Volatier, J. L., & Verger, P. (2005). Dietary exposure estimates of 18 elements from the 1st French Total Diet Study. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(7), 624-641. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500135367 PMID:16019838
• [22]. Linde, A. R., Sánchez-Galán, S., Klein, D., García-Vázquez, E., & Summer, K. H. (1999). Metallothionein and heavy metals in brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla): A comparative study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 44 (2), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1819 PMID:10571463
• [23]. Linde, A. R., Sanchez-Galan, S., & Garcia-Vazquez, E. (2004). Heavy metal contamination of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) caught in wild ecosystems in Spain. Journal of Food Protection, 67(10), 2332-2336. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-67.10.2332 PMID:15508654
• [24]. Mol, S., Karakulak, F. S., & Ulusoy, S. (2017). Assessment of potential health risks of heavy metals to the general public in Turkey via consumption of Red Mullet, Whiting, Turbot from the Southwest Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 17(6), 1135-1143. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v17_6_07
• [25]. Naseri, K., Salmani, F., Zeinali, M. & Zeinali, T. (2021) Health risk assessment of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the muscle, liver and gizzard of hen’s marketed in East of Iran. Toxicology Reports, 8, 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.012
• [26]. Neto, A. F., Costa, J. L., Costa, M. J., Pereira, M. E., Duarte, A., Caçador, I., & Domingos, I. (2011). Accumulation of metals in Anguilla anguilla from the Tagus estuary and relationship to environmental contamination. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27, 1265-1271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01814.x
• [27]. Noël-Lambot, F., Gerday, Ch., & Disteche, A. (1978). Distribution of Cd, Zn and Cu in liver and gills of the eel Anguilla anguilla with special reference to metallothioneins. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology, 61(1), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4492(78)90130-2
• [28]. Özden, Ö., Can Tunçelli, İ., Oray, I. K., Kaplan, M., Parıldar, S., & Erkan, N. (2020). Heavy metal risk assessment of European eels (Anguilla anguilla, Linnaeus, 1758) from the Asi (Orontes) River, Turkey. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36, 912-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14135
• [29]. Rashed, M. N. (2001). Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake. Environment International, 27 (1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(01)00050-2 PMID:11488387
• [30]. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2021). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SGB/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BSGM.pdf
• [31]. Ribeiro, C. A. O., Vollaire, Y., Sanchez-Chardi, A., & Roche, H. (2005). Bioaccumulation and the effects of organochlorine pesticides, PAH and heavy metals in the Eel (Anguilla anguilla) at the Camargue Nature Reserve, France. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 74 (1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.04.008 PMID:15967515
• [32]. Romero, D., Barcala, E., María-Dolores, E., & Muñoz, P. (2020). European eels and heavy metals from the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 158, 111368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111368 PMID:32573453
• [33]. Storelli, M.M. (2008). Potential human health risks from metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via seafood consumption: Estimation of target hazard quotients (THQs) and toxic equivalents (TEQs). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(8), 2782-2788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.011
• [34]. Storelli, M. M., Barone, G., Garofalo, R., & Marcotrigiano, G. O. (2007). Metals and organochlorine compounds in eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Lesina lagoon, Adriatic Sea (Italy). Food Chemistry, 100, 1337-1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.10.071
• [35]. Taş, E.Ç., Filipuçi, I., Türker Çakır, D., Beyaztaş, S., Sunlu, U., Toğulga, M., Özaydın, O., & Arslan, O. (2011). Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of edible fish (Mullus barbatus L., 1758) from the Çandarli Bay (Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20 (11), 2834-2839.
• [36]. TUIK (2019). Turkish Fishery Statistics. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/
• [37]. TUIK. (2022). Turkish Statistical Institude, https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (18.05.2022).
• [38]. Turkish Food Codex. (2002). Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. Notifications about determination of the maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs of Turkish Food Codex No: 2002/63, Issue: 24885.
• [39]. Turkish Food Codex. (2008). Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. Communique on maximum limits for contaminants of food ingredients Codex No: 2008/26.
• [40]. Turkish Food Codex. (2011). Official Gazette of Republic of Türkiye. Turkish Food Codex regulation on contaminants. Ankara, Turkey (5996).
• [41]. US EPA. (2009). Risk-based concentration table. Philadelphia PA. Environmental Protection Agency.
• [42]. Usero, J., Izquierdo, C., Morillo, J. & Gracia, I. (2003) Heavy metals in fish (Solea vulgaris, Anguilla anguilla and Liza aurata) from salt marshes on southern Atlantic coast of Spain Environment International 29, 949-956.
• [43]. Yıldız, S., Gurcu, B., Koca, Y. B., & Koca, S. (2010). Histopathological and genotoxic effects of pollution on Anguilla anguilla in the Gediz River (Turkey). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9 (23), 2890-2899. https://doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2010.2890.2899
• [44]. Yılmaz, A. B. (2005). Comparision of heavy metal levels of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) caught in İskenderun Bay (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 29 (2), 257-262.
• [45]. Yılmaz, F. (2009). The comparison of heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in tissues of three economically important fish (Anguilla anguilla, Mugil cephalus and Oreochromis niloticus) inhabiting Köycegiz Lake-Mugla (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Science & Technology, 4(1), 7-15.
• [46]. Yorulmaz, B., Yılmaz, F., & Genç, T. O. (2015). Heavy metal concentrations in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758) from Köyceğiz-Dalyan Lagoon System. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(5), 1607-1613.