Constrained/unconstrained solidification within the massive cast steel/iron ingots

• Autorzy: Wołczyński W. S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Some properties of the ingot and especially of the steel forging ingots depend on the ratio of a columnar structure area to an equiaxed structure area created during solidification. The CE transition is fundamental phenomenon that can be applied to characterize massive cast steel ingots produced by the casting house. The mentioned ratio is created spontaneously due to the rate of heat transfer towards the ceramic mould and then to the environment. The ceramic mould operates as an isolator. So that the thickness of the mould together with a growing solid fraction control the heat transfer and finally the ratio of the columnar structure area to the equiaxed structure area. At first the increase of heat accumulation within the ceramic mould is observed. Next the stationary state for heat transfer is created and finally a gentle abatement of the mould temperature associated with the heat output to the environment is expected. The steep thermal gradients correspond to the increase of heat accumulation in the ceramic mould. The steep thermal gradients are required to promote the columnar structure formation. The full heat accumulation in the mould corresponds well with the CE transformation while the appearance of the moderate thermal gradients is referred to the gentle temperature abatement within the ceramic mould. The equiaxed structure is expected within this period of heat transfer behavior. The steep thermal gradients involve the activity of viscosity gradient in the liquid. As the result a sedimentary cones are formed at the bottom of the ingot. The CE transformation is associated with competition between columnar and equaixed structure formation. At the end of competition a fully equiaxed structure is formed. The viscosity gradient is replaced by the thermophoresis which is the driving force for the deposition of some equiaxed grain layers onto the surface of C+E zone. The convection together with the gravity allow the layers to be uniform along the whole height of the ingot. Some equiaxed grain layers are also deposited at the bottom of ingot onto the surface of sedimentary cones due to activity of the gravity. Additionally, some macro-segregation effects are observed in the ingot [...]

Słowa kluczowe

EN

foundry processes; solidifying ingots; structure types; transformation C-E; thermal gradient field

PL

procesy odlewnicze; odlewy; wlewki; krzepnięcie; transformacje

• Wydawca: Komisja Odlewnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk Oddział w Katowicach
• Czasopismo: Archives of Foundry Engineering
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 10, iss. 2
• Strony: 195--202
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 9 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Wołczyński W. S.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

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• [3] A. E. Ares, C. E. Schvezov, Solidification Parameters during Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Lead-Tin Alloys, Metallurgical & Materials Transactions, 31A, (2000), 1611-1625.
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• [6] The ABAQUS Theory Manual, Academic Computer Centre CYFRONET – AGH University of Science and Technology.
• [7] W. Wołczyński, Back-Diffusion Phenomenon during the Crystal Growth by the Bridgman Method, Chapter 2. in: Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Crystal Growth, eds J. S. Szmyd and K. Suzuki, WIT Press, Southampton – Boston, 2000, 19-59.
• [8] W. Wołczyński, W. Krajewski, R. Ebner, J. Kloch, The Use of Equilibrium Phase Diagram for the Calculation of Non-Equilibrium Precipitates in Dendritic Solidification - Theory, Calphad, 25, (2002), 401-408.
• [9] H. D. Brody, M. C. Flemings, Solute Redistribution in Dendritic Solidification, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, 236, (1966), 615-623.