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Vacuum-arc chromium coatings for the protection of gun barrels

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
PL
Warstwy chromowe otrzymywane metodą łukową w próżni do ochrony luf armatnich
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Chromium coatings applied on the internal surface of tubular samples of (0.3÷0.4%C, 1.2-1.5 %Cr, 3÷3.5%Ni, 0.35÷0.45% Mo, 0.1÷018% V ) steel by the vacuum-arc deposition method are discussed in the paper. The results of metallographic examination of the structure and properties of the coatings are given. It has been shown that under the conditions of dynamic loadings, high temperature influence and frequent heat changes, no thermal fatigue cracks are present on samples with a vacuum-arc plasma coating, whereas parts with an electrolytic coating have by 1.8÷2.2 times more cracks compared to samples in the initial condition. The results of the research show the potential of the method for producing coatings by vacuum-arc evaporation of refractory metals with the subsequent condensation of ionized vapors on the internal barrel surface to protect the gun barrels against propellant-induced erosion and wear.
PL
W pracy omówiono kwestię nanoszenia chromowych powłok ochronnych na wewnętrzne części próbek rurowych ze stali (0,3÷0,4%C, 1,2÷1,5 %Cr, 3÷3,5%Ni, 0,35÷0,45% Mo, 0,1÷018% V ) z wykorzystaniem metody próżniowo-łukowej. Przestawione zostały wyniki badań metalograficznych oraz własności badanych struktur powłok. Udowodniono, że w warunkach dynamicznego obciążenia, wysokich temperatur oraz ich częstych zmian, nie występują pęknięcia zmęczeniowe w próbkach pokrywanych w technologii plazmowo-próżniowo-łukowej, natomiast w próbkach pokrywanych elektrolitycznie występowało o 1,8÷2,2 więcej pęknięć niż w próbkach wyjściowych. Wyniki badań wskazują na znaczny potencjał omawianej metody produkcji powłok za pomocą odparowywania metali reaktywnych z jednoczesnym osadzaniem zjonizowanej pary na wewnętrznych ściankach lufy, podnosząc w ten sposób odporność korozyjno-erozyjną.
Rocznik
Strony
355--361
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Head of the Department of State Design Office “Yuzhnoye”, Dnipropetrovsk, 49008, Kryvorizhska Str., 3, Ukraine
autor
  • Assistant of the Department of Heat Treatment of Metals, National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
  • Professor of the Czestochowa University of Technology, Dean of the Faculty, Czestochowa, 42-200, Al. Armii Krajowej, 19, Poland
  • Head of the Department of Heat Treatment of Metals, National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, 49600, Gagarin ave., 4 Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
autor
  • Senior researcher of the Department of Heat Treatment of metals, National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
Bibliografia
  • 1. Ahmad I.: The problem of gun barrel erosion: an overview in „Gun propulsion technology”, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, edited by M Summerfield, AIAA, 1988, vol. 109, pp. 311÷356
  • 2. Woodley C., Critchley R., Wallington D.: QinetiQ Studies on Wear and Erosion in Gun Barrels, Tech Report RTO-MP-AVT-109, 01 JUN 2004, QinetiQ, MOD Fort Halstead, United Kingdom, pp. 15- 1÷15-10
  • 3. Johnston I.A.: Understanding and Predicting Gun Barrel Erosion, Tech Report DSTO.TR.1757, August 2005, Weapons Systems Division, DSTO Defense Science and Technology Organization, Edinburgh, South Australia, Australia, p. 39
  • 4. Merchant V. E, Hewitt J. A.: Laser Based Method of Behavior of Surfaces and Surface Treatments at Transient High Temperatures and Pressures, Tech Report DREA CR/97/408, March 1996, National Defence, Research and Development Branch, The Laser Institute, Alberta, Canada, p. 109
  • 5. Audino M., Burton L., Carter R., Champagne V., Emerson R., Troiano E.: Army Targets Age Old Problems with New Gun Barrel Materials, AMPTIAC Quarterly, vol. 8, 2004, no. 4, pp. 49÷56
  • 6. Lee S. L. , Audino M., Cox J., Matson D. W., Windover D., McClanahan E. D.: High-Rate Sputter-Deposited Tantalum Coatings jn a Steel Liner for wear and Erosion Mitigation, Tech Report ARCCB-TR-01017, AUG 2001, Benét Laboratories, Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet NY, p. 24
  • 7. Audino M.J., W.S.de Rosset: Advanced Gun Barrel Materials and Manufacturing Technology Symposium-Overview and Perspective”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 21, 2006, no. 6, pp. 571÷572
  • 8. Hammond R. A. F.: The chromium plating of gun barrels, Trans. Inst. Met. Finish., vol. 34, 1957, p. 83
  • 9. Montgomery R. S., Sautter F. K.: Erosion control in chromium plated cannon tubes, Tech. Rep. ARLCB-TR-83025, June 1983, Benét Laboratories, Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet NY, p. 23
  • 10. Bush V., Conant J.B., Adams L.H.: Hypervelocity Guns and the Control of Gun Erosion, Summary Technical Report of Division 1, NDRC Volume 1, Washington, DC, 1946.
  • 11. Smith N.H.: The Behavior of Gun Liners and Coatings Tested under Conditions of Hypervelocity, Final Report, OCT 1945, Franklin Institute Philadelphia, p. 232
  • 12. Khalid Abdul H.: New Technique For Coating Gun Barrels
  • 13. Tri-Service “Green” Gun Burrel (PP 1074), Final Report, March
  • 14. Vigilante G.: Benet Laboratories to Improve Gun Barrel Coatings, RDECOM MAGAZINE, AUG 2003
  • 15. Garrett W., Sherman A. J., Stiglich J.B.: Rhenium as a Hard Chrome Replacement for Gun Tubes Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 21, 2006, no. 6, pp. 618÷620
  • 16. Parker A.P.: Autofrettage of Open-End Tubes – Pressures, Stresses, Strains and Code Comparisons, ASME, J. Pressure Vessel Technology, vol. 123, 2001, no. 3, pp. 271÷281
  • 17. Turley D. M.: Development of erosion resistant refractory metal and alloy coatings by magnetron sputtering , Surface and Coatings Technology, vols. 39-40, 1989, pp. 135÷142
  • 18. Matson D. W., McClanahan E. D., Lee S. L., Windover D.: Properties of Thick Sputtered Tantalum Used for Protective Gun Tube Coatings Tech Report ARCCB-TR-01019, OCT 2001, Benét Laborato-ries, Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet NY, p. 16
  • 19. Lee S.L., Wei R.H., Todaro M., Cote P.: Electroplated and Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtered Ta and Cr Coatings for High Temperature and High Pressure Operation, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 987, 2007, pp. 03÷13
  • 20. Yee F., Wotzak M., Cipollo M., Truszkowska K.: Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering in a Ferromagnetic Cylinder, 2004, Fall News Bulletin SVC, p. 28 – 34.
  • 21. Vigilantea G. N., Mulligana Ch. P.: Wear Life Extension in Large Caliber Cannons, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 21, 2006, no. 6, pp. 621÷627
  • 22. Vigilantea G. N., Mulligana Ch. P.: Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering (CMS) of Coatings for Wear Life Extension in Large Caliber Cannons, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, vol. 21, 2006, no. 6, pp. 621÷627
  • 23. Yee F., Wotzak M., Cipollo M., Truszkowska K.: Cylindrical magnetron sputtering in a ferromagnetic cylinder, 47th Annual Technical Conference Proceedings of the Society of Vacuum Coaters, 2004, p. 17
  • 24. Lee S.L., Cipollo M., Yee F., Chistyakov R., Abraham B.: HI-PIMS-MPP sputtered Ta films using I-PVD technology, 52nd Annual Technical Conference Proceedings of the Society of Vacuum Coaters, 2009, p. 258
  • 25. Lee S.L., Cipollo M., Yee F., Wei R., Coulter K., Lin J., Sproul W., Moore J.: Deposition of Environmental Friendly Tantalum and Chromium Nitride Coatings Using HIPIMS-MPP-PEMS Technologies”, 53rd Annual Technical Conference Proceedings of the Society of Vacuum Coaters, 2010, p. 125÷133
  • 26. Bures B., Wright J., Gerhan A., Krishnan M.: Motion of an Arc through a Long Coaxial Channel with an Applied Magnetic Field, 2005 47th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics ,Monday–Friday, October 24–28, 2005; Denver, Colorado
  • 27. McFarland M.D., Krishnan M., Wright J.D., Gerhan A.N., Tang B.: Coaxial Plasma Arc Vapor Deposition Apparatus and Method”, US Patent No. 7,867,366, Jan. 11, 2011
  • 28. Nadtoka V. N.: Vacuumnie dugovie istochniki radialnykh potokov plasmy // Hardening technologies and coatings. 2005, no. 8, pp. 51÷53
  • 29. Nadtoka V.N., Vasilina V.G., Zaycev V.I.: Experimental installation for drawing ion-plasma coatings on internal surface of tubes, Vacuum engineering and technologies. vol. 16, 2006, no. 1, pp. 83÷85
  • 30. Deybneko L. N., Nadtoka V.N., Pankov R.V.: Development of parameters of complex technology of thermal and ion-plasma treatment of details of special purpose, XII International scientific conference New technologies and achievements in metallurgy and materials engenering, Szestochjwa, Monografie vol. 15, 2011, no. 2, pp. 414÷418
  • 31. Pankov R.V.: Research of influence of temperature of deposition on properties of ion-plasma chromium coatings/ Collection of Sci. works Building, material science, machine-building, 2011, issue 58, pp. 508÷513
  • 32. Dolmatov A.I., Boguslayev A.V.: Increasing of life cycle of tooling on the base of protective technologies. Zaporizzia, JV Motor-Sich, 2001
  • 33. Roikh I. L., Koltunova L.N., Fedosov S.N.: Putting of protective coatings in vacuum. - M., Мashinostroenie. 1976
  • 34. Lashkov V.I., Yelistratova N.V., Shushkevich V.D., Smeliakova R.I.: Electron-beam drawing of chromium coatings to details made from steels, titan and aluminum alloys – Problems of special metallurgy, 1980, issue 13, pp. 69÷74
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-486b6e45-170d-4a7f-b536-7eca2ae5eb47
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