Occupational Exposure to Base Stations—Compliance With EU Directive 2004/40/EC

• Autorzy: Gajsek P. , Simunic D.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The rapid growth of mobile communications has not only led to a rising number of mobile telephones. It has also made base stations essential for services widespread on many roofs. However, not everyone is aware that working close to sources of high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF), such as transmitter antennas for mobile phones, pagers and police, fire and other emergency services, can result in high EMF exposure. This paper deals with measurements and calculations of the compliance boundary for workers in one typical roof top base station setting according to EU Directive and other relevant EN standards.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

mobile communications; exposure assessment; compliance testing

PL

prawo; prawo pracy; pole elektromagnetyczne; ocena ryzyka zawodowego; telefonia komórkowa; Dyrektywa 2004/40/WE

• Wydawca: Taylor & Francis
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: Vol. 12, No. 2
• Strony: 187--194
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 10 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Gajsek P.

• Institute of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Slovenia

autor

Simunic D.

• University of Zagreb, Department for Radiocommunications, Croatia

Bibliografia

• 1.Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields) (eighteenth individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). L 159, April 30, 2004. p. 1–26.
• 2.Gajsek P. Radiofrequency measurements and sources. In: Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry and its relationship to the biological effects of EMF (NATO Science series, 3/82). Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Press; 2000. p. 309–19.
• 3.Durney CH, Massoudi H, Iskander MF. Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry handbook. San Antonio, TX, USA: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine; 1986.
• 4.Faraone A. Estimation of the average power density in the vicinity of cellular base station antennas. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2000;49(3):984–96.
• 5.Cicchetti R. A uniform asymptotic evaluation of the field radiated from collinear array antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 2003;51(1):89–102.
• 6.EMR-20/-30, EMR-200/300 radiation meters for isotropic measurement of electromagnetic fields. Operating manual. Eningen, Germany: Wandel&Goltermann; 1998.
• 7.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz–40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or reference levels related to general public human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service (Standard No. prEN50400:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CENELEC; 2004.
• 8.European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). Product stand ard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz–40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or reference levels related to general public human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service (Standard No. prEN50401:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CENELEC; 2004.
• 9.Ericsson AB. Radio wave exposure at typical base station antennas sites (Technical report, EN/LZT123 78/06 Telefonaktiebolaget). Stockholm, Sweden: LM Ericsson; 2004.
• 10.Council Recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). Official Journal of the European Communities L 59, 1999. p. 59–70.