Assessment of slope instability and its impact on land status: a case study from Central Himalaya, India

• Autorzy: Pande A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12657/landfana.032.003

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Tectonic instability, geological sensitivity along with human intrusion in Himalaya has greatly exacerbated the occurrence of hazardous situation. Dynamics of slope instability have been evaluated under three processes leading to geomorphic instability, viz. i. erosion ii. mass wasting and iii. anthropogenic. Their causative factors have been identified under Ghuniyoli Gad watershed. The measurement of the intensity, magnitude and nature of instability factors were done within the units of 1 km2 under 21 units of watershed. Each unit was evaluated in terms of type, extent and corresponding degree of instability along with their potential assessment. The stage of erosion reveals that Ghuniyoli Gad watershed experiences instability. Maximum units fall under instability of degree 1 and degree 2 (38% and 38%) while minimum units belong to instability of degree 4 (4.76%). The instability of degree 3 contributes only about 19.04%. Appropriate mitigation measures to overcome hazardous calamities are needed to be introduced therein.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

slope instability; erosion hazards; mass wasting hazards; anthropogenic hazards; potential instability/degree of instability; Himalaya

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Geomorfologów Polskich
• Czasopismo: Landform Analysis
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 32
• Strony: 27--43
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 42 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Pande A.

• Department of Geography, Kumaun University, Nainital, India

Bibliografia

• Alexander D. E., 2008. A brief survey of GIS in mass-movement studies, with reflections on theory and methods. Geomorphology 94: 261–267.
• Barnard P. L., Owen L.A., Sharma M.C., Finkel R.C., 2001. Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Garhwal Himalaya of northern India. Geomorphology 40: 21– 35.
• Bartarya S.K., Valdiya K.S., 1989. Landslides and erosion in the catchment of Gaula River, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India. Mountain Research and Development 9(2): 405 – 419.
• Bhandari R.K., 1988. Eco-development in the Garhwal Himalaya with particular reference to field study and monitoring of landslides and development of innovative control measures. Report D.O.En.: 1–150.
• Bhandari R.K., Gupta C., 1985. Problems of landslides in the Himalaya and future directions. In: Singh, J.S. (ed.), Environmental Regeneration in Himalaya, Concepts and Strategies. Gyanodaya Parkashan, Nainital: 39–57.
• Byers A., 1985. A geomorphic study of man-induced soil-erosion Sagarmatha (MT. Everest) National Park, Khumbu Nepal. Mountain Research and Development 6(1): 83–87.
• Chandel V.B.S., Brar K.K., 2010. Climatic extreme and changing climate in western Himalayas: A study of cloudburst incidences in Himachal Pradesh. Punjab Geographer 6: 29–40.
• Chandel V.B.S., Brar K.K., Chauhan Y., 2011. RS & GIS based landslide hazard zonation of mountainous terrains: A study from middle Himalayan Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences 2(1): 121–132.
• Chen H., Lee C.F., 2003. A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes. Geomorphology 51: 269–288.
• Cole V., Sinclair A.J., 2002. Measuring the ecological footprint of a Himalayan tourist centre. Mountain Research and Development 22(2): 132–141.
• Eriksson M., 2006. Climate change and its implication for human health in the Himalaya. Sustainable mountain development in the Greater Himalayan region. ICIMOD Summer News Letter No. 50: 11–13.
• Fourniadis I.G., Liu J.G., Mason P.J., 2007. Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area, China, uses ASTER imagery: Wushan–Badong. Geomorphology 84: 126–144.
• Gardner J.S., Dekens J., 2007. Mountain hazards and the resilience of social–ecological systems: lessons learned in India and Canada. Natural Hazards 41: 317–336.
• Gardner J.S., Saczuk E., 2004. Systems for hazards identification in high mountain areas: an example from the Kullu District, Western Himalaya. Journal of Mountain Science 1: 115–127.
• Haigh M.J., Rawat J.S., Rawat M.S., Baratrya S.K., Rai S.P., 1995. Interactions between forest and landslide activity along new highways in the Kumaun Himalaya. Forest Ecology and Management 78: 173–189.
• IPCC, 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T.,Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C.A. Johnson (eds.)].Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 881.
• Keefer D. K., 1994. The importance of earthquake induced landslides to long term slope erosion and slope failure hazards in seismically active regions. Geomorphology 10: 265–284.
• Keefer D. K., 2002. Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes: A historical review. Surveys in Geophysics 23: 473–510.
• Kienholz H., Hafner H., Schneider G., Tamarkar R., 1983. Mountain hazards in Napal’s Middle Mountains with map of land use and geomorphic damages (Kathmandu- Kakani area). Mountain Research and Development 3(3): 195–220.
• Kienholz H., SchneIder G., Bischel M., Grunder M., Mool P., 1984. Mapping of mountain hazards and slope stability. Mountain Research and Development 4(3): 247– 266.
• Liu J.G., Mason P.J., Clerici N., Chen S., Davis A., Miao F., Deng H., Liang L., 2004. Landslide hazard assessment in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River ASTER imagery: Zigui– Badong. Geomorphology 61: 171–187.
• Mason P. J., Rosenbaum M.S., 2002: Geohazard mapping for predicting landslides: an example from the Langhe Hills in Piemonte, NW Italy. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 35: 317–326.
• Owen L.A., Kamp U., Khattak G.A., Harp E.L., Keefer D.K., Bauer M.A., 2008. Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Geomorphology 94: 1–9.
• Pande, A., 1998: Geomorphic Hazard Mapping in Jaigan Watershed. Project report submitted to CSIR, New Delhi under Scientists’ Pool Scheme. 159.
• Pande A., Joshi R.C., Jalal, D.S., 2002. Selected landslide types in the Central Himalaya: their relation to geological structures and anthropogenic activities. The Environmentalist 22: 269–287.
• Pande A., 2013. Jogyura Landslide: Impact of Main Boundary Thrust, A Case Study from Central Himalaya, India. In: C. Morgottini, P. Canuti, K. Sassa (eds.), Landslide Science and Practices. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1: 595–600, DOI 10. 1007/978-3-642- 31325-7-78.
• Rautela P., 2001. August, 1998 landslide tragedies of Central Himalayas (India): learning from experience. International Journal Environmental Studies 58(3): 343–355.
• Sah M.P., Mazari R.K.,1998. Anthropogenically accelerated mass movement, Kulu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India, Geomorphology 26(1–3): 123–138.
• Sah M.P., Mazari R.K., 2007. An Overview of the Geoenvironmental Status of the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Mountain Science 4(1), 3–23.
• Sato H.P., Harp E. L., 2009. Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth. Landslides 6: 153–159.
• Sharma V.K., 2006: Zonation of landslide hazard for urban planning-case study of Nainital town, Kumaun Himalaya, India, IAEG, Paper number 191, The geological society of London, 1–6.
• Starkel L., 2010: Ambootia landslide valley-evolution, relaxation and prediction (Darjeeling Himalaya). Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica 44: 113–131.
• Strahler A.N., 1952: Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Bulletin of Geological Society of America 63: 117–1142.
• Strahler, A.N: 1964: Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basin and channel networks: In: V.T. Chow (ed.) Hand book of applied hydrology, Mc Grow Hill, New York, pp 4–11.
• Singh R. B., 1998: Land use cover changes, extreme events and ecohydrological responses in the Himalayan region. Hydrological Processes 12: 2043–2055.
• Tarantino C., Blond A. P., Pasquariell O, G., 2007. Remote sensed data for automatic detection of land-use changes due to human activity in support to landslide studies. Natural Hazards 41: 245–267.
• Valdiya K.S., 1980. Geology of Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun.
• Valdiya K.S., 1985. Accelerated erosion and landslide prone zone in the Central Himalayan Region. In: Singh, J.S. (ed) Environmental Regeneration in Himalaya Gyanodaya Prakashan, Naini Tal: 12–33.
• Valdiya K.S., 1987. Instability of hill slopes and landslides In: K.S. Valdiya (ed.) Environmental Geology - Indian Context. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi: 269 – 315.
• Van Westen C. J., Castellanos E., Kuriakose, S. L., 2008. Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: An overview. Engineering Geology 102: 112–131.
• Yin Y. P., Wang F. W., Sun P., 2009. Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China. Landslides 6: 139–152.
• Zimmerman M., Bischel M., Kienholz H. 1986: Mountain hazards mapping in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal with prototype map, scale: 1:50,000 Mountain Research and Development 6(1): 29–40.