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Gaseous hydrocarbons and nitrogen mixtures are characterized with an own designed portable Raman system equipped with a high pressure autoclave and fiber-optic probe. Backscattered radiation is collected through a sapphire window with a probe and transferred to the spectrometer. Samples are measured for a set of pressures in the range of 1–150 bar in ambient temperature. Measurement conditions are set to maintain an one-phase system. Spectra are collected in a wide range of wavenumber 350–3500 cm–1. Initial composition of measured samples is measured be means of gas chromatography. Design computer algorithms automatically detects and characterizes Raman bands for given species and their peak areas. The influence of both pressure and concentration of a given element on given band position and area are demonstrated.
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Tom
Strony
125--138
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Krakow, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Kuuskraa V., Stevens S., Van Leeuwen T., Moodhe K.: Advanced Resources International (ARI) for the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) at the U.S. Department of Energy, 2011.
- [2] U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2015. The U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 2016.
- [3] Collins J.: Proc. Int. Sch. Hydrocarbon Meas., 69, 1994, pp. 489–92.
- [4] Renfrow J.: Proc. Int. Sch. Hydrocarbon Meas., 71, 1996, pp. 533–538.
- [5] Cowper C.J.: The analysis of hydrocarbon gases. In: Journal of Chromatography Library, vol. 56, 1995, pp. 1–40.
- [6] Varotsis N., Guieze P.: Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 15(1), 1996, pp. 81–89.
- [7] Podvorec M.J., Kephart L.A.: Quadrupole mass spectrometers used in natural gas processing (No. CONF-9504112—). Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States), 1995.
- [8] Hakuli A., Kytokivi A., Lakomaa E.L., Krause O.: Analytical Chemistry, 67(11), 1995, pp. 1881–1886.
- [9] Hansen S.B., Berg R.W., Stenby E.H.: Applied Spectroscopy, 55(6), 2001, pp. 745–749.
- [10] Fabre D., Oksengorn B.: Applied spectroscopy, 46(3), 1992, pp. 468–471.
- [11] Seitz J.C., Pasteris J.D., Chou I. M.: American Journal of Science, 293, 1993, pp. 297–297.
- [12] Neti S., Anastasia C., Smith W., Chen J.C.: Measuring Techniques in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows., Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg 1984.
- [13] Soave G.: Equilibrium constants from a modified Redlich–Kwong equation of state. Chemical Engineering Science, 27, 1972, pp. 1197–1203.
- [14] Peng D.-Y., Robinson D.B.: A new two-constant equation of state. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 15(1), 1976, pp. 59–64.
- [15] Sandler S.I. (Ed.): Models for thermodynamic and phase equilibria calculations. Dekker, 1994.
- [16] Mühlbauer A.L., Raal J.D.: Computation and thermodynamic interpretation of high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium – a review. The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal, 60(1), 1995, pp. 1–29.
- [17] Ghosh P.: Prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria using Peng–Robinson and Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state. Chemical Engineering and Technology, 22(5), 1999, pp. 379–399.
- [18] Sundius T.: Computer fitting of Voigt profiles to Raman lines. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 1, 5, 1973, pp. 471–488.
Uwagi
EN
This work has been prepared within the Statutory Research of Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty, AGH UST, grant number: 11.11.190.555
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-47113f3d-fdcf-436b-a415-9dcbd2b495eb