Experimental studies on the operation of agricultural crops mowing unit with simultaneous chopping and incorporation of stubble into the soil

• Autorzy: Nadykto Volodymyr , Kiurchev Sergey , Chorna Tatiana , Hutsol Taras , Mudryk Krzysztof , Głowacki Szymon , Rud Anatoliy , Shevtsova Alona , Ryabov Igor , Szwedziak Katarzyna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/agriceng-2023-0022

Warianty tytułu

PL

Badania eksperymentalne nad działaniem zespołu żniwnego z jednoczesnym młóceniem i inkorporacją ścierniska do gleby

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

For harvesting crops, one-phase and two-phase methods are most often used. When implementing the second one, mounted and trailed units are used. The latter is becoming less and less used due to the problems with movement stability in the horizontal plane because of the asymmetric layout. A stubble background, which is susceptible to solar and wind influences, is formed as a consequence of application of the mounted harvesting unit, As a result, the field's soil in the inter-swath space intensively loses moisture. A harvesting unit based on a tractor with rear steerable wheels has been designed to eliminate this shortcoming. A header is mounted on its front hitch linkage system, and a disc harrow is mounted on the rear one. During the working movement, such a harvesting unit mows the crop into swaths, chops the stubble in the inter-swath space, and simultaneously incorporates it into the soil. This article presents the operation results of such a unit for harvesting winter wheat, oats, and sudan grass. Research has established that oscillations in the deviations of the mowed crops' swaths from a straight line are of low frequency. The variances spectra of this process, as follows from the Analysis of normalized spectral densities, are concentrated in the frequency range of 0-0.5 m-1 .The mean value velocities of the harvesting unit are 2.13-2.61 m‧s-1, which is 0.17-0.21 Hz. The variances of oscillations in the header operating width, the cut crop's swath width, and the disc harrow's width are concentrated in approximately the same low-frequency range, the maximum value of which is small and does not exceed 0.9 m-1 or 0.37 Hz. The oscillation processes of the mowed crops' stubble height have a higher frequency. The cutoff frequency of their normalized spectral densities is at the level of 3.0 m-1. In terms of time, considering the harvesting unit movement velocity of 2.13-2.61 m‧s-1 ,this is 1.02-1.25 Hz. At the same time, oscillations in the stubble height of mowed crops are characterized by small variances, the maximum value of which does not exceed 11 cm2.

PL

Do zbioru upraw często stosuje się metody jedno i dwufazowe. W drugiej metodzie wykorzystuje się zespoły zawieszane i przyczepiane. Te ostatnie używane są coraz rzadziej ze względu na problemy ze stabilnością ruchu w płaszczyźnie poziomej wynikające z asymetrycznej konstrukcji. W wyniku zastosowania zawieszanego zespołu żniwnego powstaje ściernisko, które jest podatne na wpływ słońca i wiatru. W rezultacie gleba na polu w przestrzeni między pokosami intensywnie traci wilgoć. Aby wyeliminować tę wadę, zaprojektowano zespół żniwny oparty na ciągniku z tylnymi kołami skrętnymi. Na przednim układzie zawieszenia zamontowany jest heder, a na tylnym brona talerzowa. Podczas ruchu, taki zespół żniwny kosi uprawę tworząc pokos, rozdrabnia ściernisko w warstwie między pokosami i jednocześnie wprowadza je do gleby. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wyniki pracy takiego zespołu podczas zbioru pszenicy ozimej, owsa i sorga sudańskiego. Badania wykazały, że oscylacje w odchyleniach pokosów koszonych roślin od linii prostej mają niską częstotliwość. Spectrum odchyleń tego procesu, jak wynika z analizy znormalizowanych gęstości spektralnych, mieszczą się w zakresie częstotliwości 0-0,5 m-1. Średnie wartości prędkości jednostki koszącej wynoszą 2,13-2,61 m‧s-1 , to jest 0,17-0,21 Hz. Odchylenia oscylacji szerokości operacyjnej zespołu przedniego, szerokości pokosu uprawy oraz szerokości brony talerzowej mieszczą się mniej więcej w tym samym zakresie niskiej częstotliwości, której maksymalna wartość jest niska i nie przekracza 0,9 m-1 lub 0,37 Hz. Procesy oscylacyjne wysokości ścierniska skoszonej uprawy mają wyższą częstotliwość. Częstotliwość ich znormalizowanych gęstości spektralnych jest na poziomie 3.0 m-1 . Biorąc pod uwagę prędkość ruchu zespołu żniwnego 2,13-2,61 m‧s-1 , wynosi ona 1,02-1,25 Hz. Jednocześnie, oscylacje wysokości ścierniska skoszonej uprawy charakteryzują się niskimi odchyleniami, maksymalna wartość których nie przekracza 11 cm2.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

header; disc harrow; swath; stubble height

PL

część żniwna; kombajn zbożowy; brona talerzowa; pokos; wysokość ścierniska

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
• Czasopismo: Agricultural Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 27, No. 1
• Strony: 301--313
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Nadykto Volodymyr

• Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Mechanical and Technological Faculty, Melitopol, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-8297

autor

Kiurchev Sergey

• Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Mechanical and Technological Faculty, Melitopol, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-8118

autor

Chorna Tatiana

• Dmytro Motornyi Tavria State Agrotechnological University, Mechanical and Technological Faculty, Melitopol, Ukraine

autor

Hutsol Taras

• Polissia National University, 10008 Zhytomyr, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-3672

autor

Mudryk Krzysztof

• Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-149 Krakow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6212-6958

autor

Głowacki Szymon

• Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0373-6633

autor

Rud Anatoliy

• Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Higher Educational Institution "Podillia State University", 32-300 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7206-7103

autor

Shevtsova Alona

• Innovative Program of Strategic Development of the University, European Social Fund, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
• Ukrainian University in Europe - Foundation, Balicka 116, 30-149 Kraków, Poland

autor

Ryabov Igor

• University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-6270

autor

Szwedziak Katarzyna

• Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51- 630 Wroclaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1104-5143

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).