Green Synthesis of Nano-Activated Carbon from Reed Stalk – Characterization and Evaluation Performance in Phenolic Water Treatment

• Autorzy: Azeez Rana Abbas , Khazal Shahnaz B. , Al-Zuhairi Firas K. , Hasan Muayad M. , Shakor Zaidoon M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/191952

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

During the past few decades, interest in phenolic substances in aquatic environments has increased due to their wide uses in numerous industries despite their high toxicity. This study aimed to investigate removing phenol from contaminated wastewater using synthesized nanoscale-activated carbon (AC) as a sorbent. The AC was synthesized from reed stalks as a local bio-based material using a chemical activation approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) in addition to the Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were applied to characterize the synthesizedAC. The study tested four different factors using the experimental statistical design, data analysis with Design Expert Software, and a central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize phenol elimination. These factors involved initial phenol concentration (ranging from 30 to 120 ppm), pH levels (ranging from 2 to 11), concentration of adsorbent range from 50 to 600 ppm, and reaction time range from 30 to 120 minutes. These variables were used as input data for the prediction model to determine the removal efficiency (%) of phenol. The analysis of the ANOVA was conducted to examine the model performance. The analysis results suggested that the most effective model in explaining the process of phenol elimination was the second-order quadratic model, and the predicted data strongly matched the experimental values. The findings revealed that the optimal adsorption conditions obtained from the experimental work were initial phenol concentration of 30 mg·L^-1 , adsorbent dose of 600 mg·L ^-1, pH equal to 2, reaction time of 120 minutes, and the capacity of the adsorption was 30.0825 mg·g ^-1. As a consequence, the nanoactivated carbon extracted from reed stalks effectively adsorbs phenol from wastewater.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

phenol; nano-activated carbon; adsorption; plant waste; wastewater; organic pollutants

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, iss. 10
• Strony: 306--323
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 65 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Azeez Rana Abbas

• Oil and Gas Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-2702

autor

Khazal Shahnaz B.

• Oil and Gas Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9159-4956

autor

Al-Zuhairi Firas K.

• Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-3803

autor

Hasan Muayad M.

• Oil and Gas Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-969X

autor

Shakor Zaidoon M.

• Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology - Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-5773

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