The Aptian Gura Râului conglomerates (Southern Carpathians) : remains of an extended subaqueous gravity flow deposit from the eastern flank of the Getic Nappe

• Autorzy: Ungureanu Răzvan , Săsăran Emanoil , Bucur Ioan I. , Mircescu Cristian Victor , Ungureanu Alexandra , Ungur Ciprian Gheorghiţă

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7306/gq.1459

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Getic Nappe belongs to the Central Dacides or Dacia Mega Unit. Gravity flow deposits were generated by the Lower Cretaceous overthrust and uplift of this unit over the External Dacides. In the Piatra Craiului Syncline (part of the Getic Nappe), such detrital deposits are represented by the Aptian conglomerates and the uppermost Albian-Cenomanian conglomerates. Part of the infill of the syncline consists of a thick pile of NW-SE oriented conglomerates. Sedimentological study documents the presence of an association which consists of three distinct facies types, represented by: massive conglomerates; alternating conglomerates, sandstones and microconglomerates; and fining- and coarsening-upwards conglomerates. These deposits were accumulated through a series of debris flows, and hyperconcentrated or concentrated flows. The entire assemblage represents a complex routing system within submarine channels, an interpretation made by interpreting facies associations, palaeoflow directions and clast fabrics. A large part of this succession was removed by post-Albian erosion. Thus, the interpretation of the depositional system could be as a series of feeder channels or the submarine sector of a fan-delta system representing a foreland basin fill.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

conglomerates; gravity flow deposits; fan-deltas; Lower Cretaceous; Piatra Craiului Massif; Romania

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Geological Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 63, No. 1
• Strony: 88--105
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 74 poz., fot., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Ungureanu Răzvan

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

autor

Săsăran Emanoil

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

autor

Bucur Ioan I.

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

autor

Mircescu Cristian Victor

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

autor

Ungureanu Alexandra

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

autor

Ungur Ciprian Gheorghiţă

• Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology, 1, M. Kogălniceanu, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Bibliografia

• 1. Aalto, K.R., 1976. Sedimentology of a mèlange: Franciscan of Trinidad, California. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46: 913-929.
• 2. Beccaro, P., Lazăr, I., 2007. Oxfordian and Callovian radiolarians from the Bucegi Massif and Piatra Craiului Mountains (Southern Carpathians, Romania). Geologica Carpatica, 58: 305-320.
• 3. Bernhardt, A., Jobe, Z.R., Lowe, D.R., 2011. Stratigraphic evolution of a submarine channelelobe complex system in a narrow fairway within the Magallanes foreland basin, Cerro Toro Formation, southern Chile. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 28: 785-806.
• 4. Briceag, A., Jipa, D., Melinte, M.C., 2009. Early Crefaceous Deposits of the Ceahlău Nappe (Romanian Carpathian Bend Region). Geo-Eco-Marina, 15: 37-46.
• 5. Bucur, I.I., 1978. Microfacies of the white limestones from the northern part of Piatra Craiului Massif. Biostratigrafic constraints (in Romanian). Dări de Seama ale Şedinţelor Institutului Geologic şi Geofizic, 64 (for 1976-1977): 89-105.
• 6. Bucur, I.I., 1980. Rhaxella sorbyana (Blake) in Oxfordian radiolarites from Piatra Craiului Massif (in Romanian). Dări de Seamă ale Şedinţelor Institutului Geologic şi Geofizic, 65 (3) (for 1977-1978): 31-35.
• 7. Bucur, I.I., Săsăran, E., Iacob, R., Ichim, C., Turi, V., 2009. Upper Jurassic shallow-water carbonate deposit from some Carpathian areas: new micropaleontological results. In: Proceedings of the 8th Simposion of IGGP 506, marine and nonmarine Jurassic: Global correlation and major global events, Bucharest, Romania, 28th August-9th September 2009 (ed. M. Popa): 13-14. International Geoscience Programme.
• 8. Bucur, I.I., Pascariu, L., Săsăran E., 2013. Calcareous algae from the olistholits at Poiana Zănoaga northern Piatra Craciului Syncline (Southern Carpathians, Romania). In: Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on alpine Geological Studies and 7th IFAA, Schladming-Dachstein, Austria, 9th-12th September 2013 (eds. H.-J. Gawlick and S. Missoni): 108-109. Berichte der Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien.
• 9. Codarcea, A., 1940. Vues nouvelles sur la tectonique du Banat Meridional et du Plateau de Mehedinti. Anuarul Institutului Geologic Român, 20: 1-74.
• 10. Csöntos, L., Vörös., 2004. Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstruction of the Carpathian region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 210: 1-56.
• 11. DeCelles, P.G., Gray, M.B., Ridgway, K.D., Cole, R.B., Pivnik, D.A., Equera, N.P., Srivastava, P., 1991. Controls on synorogenic alluvial-fan architecture, Beartooth conglomerate (Palaeocene), Wyoming and Montana. Sedimentology, 38: 567-590.
• 12. Dimitrescu, R, Patrulius, D., Popescu, I., 1971. Geological map of Romania, 1:50 000, sheet 110c (in Romanian) Institutul de Geologie şi Geofizică, Bucureşti.
• 13. Dimitrescu, R., Popescu, I., Schuster, A. C., 1974. Geological map of Romania, scale 1: 50.000, Bârsa Fierului Sheet (in Romanian). Institutul de Geologie şi Geofizică, Bucureşti.
• 14. Ethridge, F.G., Wescott, W.A., 1984. Tectonic setting, recognition and hydrocarbon potential of fan-delta deposits. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (eds. E.H. Koster and R.J. Steel): 217-235. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 10, Calgary.
• 15. Fielding, C.R., LaGarry, H.E., LaGarry, L.A., Bailey, B.E., Swinehart, J.B., 2007. Sedimentology of the White clay Gravel Beds (Ogallala Group) in northwestern Nebraska, USA: structurally controlled drainage promoted by Early Miocene uplift of the Black Hills Dome. Sedimentary Geology, 202: 1-2.
• 16. Gawlick, H.-J., Missoni, S., 2015. Middle Triassic radiolarite pebbles in the Middle Jurassic Hallstatt Mélange of the Eastern Alps: implications for Triassic-Jurassic geodynamic and paleogeographic reconstructions of the western Tethyan realm. Facies, 61: 13.
• 17. Gawlick, H.-J., Missoni, S., Sudar, M.N., Goričan, S., Lein, R., Stanzel, A.I., Jovanović, D., 2017. Open marine Hallstatt Limestones reworked in the Jurassic Zlatar Mélange (SW Serbia): a contribution to understanding the orogenic evolution of the Inner Dinarides. Facies, 63: 29.
• 18. Gawlick, H.-J., Missoni, S., Sudar, M.N., Suzuki, H., Méres, S., Lein, R., Jovanović, D., 2018. The Jurassic Hallstatt Mélange of the Inner Dinarides (SW Serbia): implications for Triassic-Jurassic geodynamic and palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Western Tethyan realm. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie, 288: 1-47.
• 19. Gherasi, N., 1962. The crystalline massif of Leaota (the northern part between Moeciu and Ghimbavului Valley) (in Romanian). Raport al Arhivelor Institutului Geologic, Bucureşti.
• 20. Gherasi., N., Manilici, V., Dimitrescu, R., 1966. The geological and petrographical study of the Ezer-Păpuşa Massif (in Romanian). Anuarul Comitetului de Stat al Geologiei, 35: 47-104.
• 21. Grasu, C., Catană, C., Boboş, I., 1996. Petrography of the formations from the internal carpathian flysch (in Romanian). Editura Tehnică, Bucureşti.
• 22. Grădinaru, M., Lazăr, I., Bucur, I.I., Grădinaru, E., Săsăran, E., Ducea, M.N., Andrăşanu, A., 2016. The Valanginian history of the eastern part of the Getic Carbonate Platform (Southern Carpathians, Romania): evidence for emergence and drowning of the platform. Cretaceous Research, 66: 11-42.
• 23. Hampton, M.A., 1975. Competence of fine-grained debris flows. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 45: 838-844.
• 24. Hendry, H.E., 1973. Sedimentation of deep water conglomerates in Lower Ordovician rocks of Quebec - composite bedding produced by progressive liquefaction of sediment? Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 43: 125-136.
• 25. Higgs, R., 1990. Sedimentology and tectonic implications of Cretaceous fan-delta conglomerates, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Sedimentology, 37: 83-103.
• 26. Jekelius, E., 1916. Daten uber den geologischen Bau des Bucsecs (Bucegi) und Csukas (Ciucaş). Jahresbericht der königlich ungarischen Geologischen Anstalt, f. 1915: 286-302.
• 27. Jekelius, E., 1938. Das Gerbige von Brasov. Anuarul Institutului Geological României, 19: 370-408.
• 28. Jipa, D.C., Ungureanu, C., Ion, G., 2013. Stratigraphy and tectonics of the uppermost Bucegi Conglomerate Formation (Albian Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Geo-Eco-Marina, 19: 1-13.
• 29. Kim, S.B., Chough, S.K., Chun, S.S., 1995. Bouldery deposits in the lowermost part of Cretaceous Kyokpori Formation, SW Korea: coesionless debris flows and debris falls on a steep-gradient delta slope. Sedimentary Geology, 98: 97-119.
• 30. Kostaki, G., Kilias, A., Gawlick, H.J., Schlagintweit, F., 2013. ?Kimmeridgian-Tithonian shallow-water platform clasts from mass flows on top of the vardar/axios ophiolites. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 67: 1-184.
• 31. Lewis, D.W., Laird, M.G., Powell, R.D., 1980. Debris flow deposits of early Miocene age, Deadman Stream, Marlborough, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology, 28: 83-118.
• 32. Lowe, D.R., 1976. Grain flow and grain flow deposits. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 46: 188-189.
• 33. Lowe, D.R., 1982. Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52: 279-297.
• 34. Mastalerz, K., 1995. Deposits of high-density turbidity currents on fan-delta slopes: an example from upper Visean Szczawno Formation, Intrasudetic Basin, Poland. Sedimentary Geology, 98: 121-146.
• 35. Maţenco, L., Krezsek, C., Merten, S., Schmid, S., Cloetingh, S., Andriessen, P., 2010. Characteristic of collisional orogens with low topographic build-up: an example from the Carpathians. Terra Nova, 22: 155-165.
• 36. McCallum, J.E., Robertson, A.H.F., 1995. Sedimentology of two fan-delta systems in the Pliocene-Plestocene of the Mesaoria Basin, Cyprus. Sedimentary Geology, 98: 215-244.
• 37. McPherson, J.G., Shanmugan, G., Moiola, R.J., 1987. Fan deltas and braid deltas: varieties of coarse-grained deltas. Geological Society of America, 99: 331-340.
• 38. Meszaros, N., Bucur, I., 1980. Oxfordian nannoplankton from the Piatra Craiului Massif (in Romanian). Muzeul Bruchental Ştiinţele Naturii, 24: 73-77.
• 39. Mircescu, C.V., Bucur, I.I., Săsăran, E., 2014. Dasycladalean algae from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceaous limestones of Piatra Craiului Massif (South Carpathians, Romania) and their relationship to palaeonvironment. Studia UBB Geologia, 59: 5-27.
• 40. Mulder, T., Alexander, J., 2001. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density currents and their deposits. Sedimentology, 48: 269-299.
• 41. Murgoci, G., 1905. Contributions a la tectonique des Carpates Méridionels. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris, 7: 60-84.
• 42. Murgoci, G., 1910. The Geological Synthesis of the South Carpathians. Comptes Rendus du XI-e Congrès Geologique International.
• 43. Mutti, E., 1992. Turbidite sandstones. Agip Special Publication, Milan.
• 44. Nemec, W., Steel, R.J., 1984. Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (eds. E.H. Koster and R.J. Steel): 1-31. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 10, Calgary.
• 45. Nemec, W., Steel, R.J., 1988. What is a fan delta and how do we recognize it. In: Fan Delias: Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings (eds. W. Nemec and R.J. Steel): 3-13. Blackie and Son, Glasgow and London.
• 46. Olariu, C., Jipa, D.C., Steel, R.J., Melinte-Dobrinescu, M.C., 2014. Genetic significance of an Albian conglomerate clastic wedge, Eastern Carpathians (Romania). Sedimentary Geology, 299: 42-59.
• 47. Oncescu, N., 1943. Region de Piatra Craiului-Bucegi. Étude geologique. Anuarul Institutului Geoiogic al României, 12: 1-124.
• 48. Patrulius, D., 1969. Geology of the Bucegi Massif and the Dâîmbovicioara Couloir (in Romanian). Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucureşti.
• 49. Patrulius, D., Dimitriu, I., 1962. Mesozoic and neozoic terrains from the Dâmbovicioara Couloir beiween Rucăr and Bran (in Romanian). Raport Al Arhivelor Institutului Geologic, Bucureşti.
• 50. Patrulius, D., Dimitrescu, R., Popescu, I., 1971. Geological map of Romania, scale 1: 50.000, Moieciu Sheet (in Romanian). Institutul de Geologie şi Geofizică, Bucureşti.
• 51. Patrulius, D., Popa, E., Avram, E., Baltreş, A., Pop, G., Iva, M., Antonescu, E.M., Dumitrica, P., Iordan, M., 1980. Complex petrological and biostratigraphical study of the Jurassic and Neocomian formations from the Romanian Carpathians and Dobrudja. The mineral resources potential of the Leaota-Braşov-Perşani sector (in Romanian). Fieldwork report of the Geological and Geophysical Institute (theme 47/1979), Bucharest.
• 52. Pickering, K.T., Hiscott, R.N., Hein, F.J., 1989. Deep Marine Environments. Clastic Sedimentation and Tectonics. Unwin Hyman, London.
• 53. Pleş, G., Mircescu, C.V., Bucur, I.I., Săsăran, E., 2013. Encrusting micro-organism and bicrobial structures in Upper Jurassic limestones from the southern Carpathians ( Romania). Facies, 59: 19-48.
• 54. Popescu, I., 1966. Contributions to the knowledge of the stratigraphy and geological structure of the Piatra Craiului Massif (in Romanian). Dări de Seamă ale Şedinţelor Institutului Geological României, 52: 157-176.
• 55. Popovici-Haţeg, V., 1898. Etude géologique des environs de Câmpulung et de Sinaia, Roumanie. These.
• 56. Postma, G., 1990. Depositional architecture and facies of river and fan deltas: a synthesis. In: Coarse Grained Deltas (eds. A. Colella and D.B. Prior): 13-27. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 10. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
• 57. Postma, G., Roep, T.B., 1985. Resedimented conglomerates in the bottomsets of Gilbert-type gravel deltas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 55: 874-885.
• 58. Postma, G., Nemec, W., Kleinsphein, K.L., 1988. Large floating clasts in turbidites: a mechanism for their emplacement. Sedimentary Geology, 58: 47-61.
• 59. Rees, A.I., 1968. The production of preferred orientation in a concentrated dispersion of elongated and flattened grains. Journal of Geology, 76: 457-465.
• 60. Săndulescu, M., 1984. Geotectonic of Romania (in Romanian). Editura Tehnică, Bucuresti.
• 61. Săndulescu, M., 1994. Overview on Romanian geology. Romanian Journal of Tectonics and Regional Geology, 75: 3-15.
• 62. Săndulescu, M., Popescu, I., Săndulescu, J., Mihăilă, N., Schuster, A., 1972. Geological map of Romania, scale 1:50,000, Zărneşti Sheet (in Romanian). Institutul de Geologie şi Geofizică, Bucureşti.
• 63. Schmid, S.M., Bernoulli, D., Fugenschuh, B., Maţenco, L., Schaefer, S., Schuster, R., Tischler, M., Ustaszewski, K., 2008. The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101: 139-183.
• 64. Simionescu, I., 1897. Die Barremefauna im Quellengebiete der Dambovicioara (Rumanien). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich - koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, f. 1897: 131-134.
• 65. Sohn, Y.K., Choe, M.Y., Jo, H.R., 2002. Transformation from debrisflow to hyperconcentrated flow in a submarine channel (the Cretaceous Cerro Toto Formation, southern Chile). Terra Nova, 14: 405.
• 66. Stanley, J.D., Hall, B.A., 1978. The Bucegi conglomerate: a Romanian Carpathian submarine slope deposit. Nature, 276: 60-64.
• 67. Stow, D.A.V., 1986. Deep clastic seas. In: Sedimentary Environments and Facies (ed. H.G. Reading): 399-442. Blackwell, Oxford.
• 68. Strzeboński, P., Kasprzyk, J.K., Olszewska, B., 2017. Exotic clasts, debris flow deposits and their significance for reconstruction of the Istebna Formation (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, Silesian Basin, Outer Carpathians). Geologica Carpathica, 68: 562-582.
• 69. Surlyk, F., 1984. Fan-delta to submarine fan conglomerates of the Volgian-Wollaston Group, east Greenland. In: Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates (eds. E.H. Koster and R.J. Steel). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Volume 10: 359-382. Calgary.
• 70. Toula, F., 1897. Eine geologische Reise in die transylvanischen Alpen Rumaniens. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 1: 42-188.
• 71. Ungureanu, R., Săsăran, E., Bucur, I.I., Ungur, C.G., Mircescu, C.V., 2015. The Berriasian-Valanginian and Aptian deposits from the North Western part of the Piatra Craiului Massif: Stratigraphic relationships, facies and depositional environments. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 11: 59-74.
• 72. Ungureanu, R., Săsăran, E., Bucur, I.I., Mircescu, C.V., Ungur, C.G., Ungureanu, A., 2017. The Cretaceous conglomerates from Piatra Craiului syncline (Sounth Carpathians, Romania): searching for the source area. Facies, 63: 30.
• 73. Walker, R.G., 1975. Generalized facies models for resedimented conglomerates of turbidite association. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 86: 737-748.
• 74. Walker, R.G., Mutti, E., 1973. Turbidite facies and facies association. In: Turbidites and Deep-Water Sedimentation (eds. G.V. Middleton and A.H. Bouma): 119-157. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologist and Mineralogist, Anaheim, Short Course Notes.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).