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Tytuł artykułu

Toward safe and efficient recovery of gas munitions dumped at sea

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The proposal of a system for the safe recovery of unexploded ordnance (UXO), chemical weapons (CW) and chemical warfare agents (CWA) dumped at sea mainly after WWI and WWII is described in this work. The proposed solution addresses the tasks required to neutralise thousands of tons of dumped material and the currently available solutions and proposed ideas. Requirements concerning the features of a recovery system are defined and scrutinised, these being intended to ensure the safety of this phase of the UXO/CW neutralisation process. To meet this requirement, the concept of a remotely operated, two-component working size underwater vehicle is proposed, supplemented by a properly sized and outfitted surface platform that is an important part of the recovery system. Finally, the basic components of the proposed system configuration are characterised, together with their functions during the recovery of dangerous CWA-related objects.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
181--190
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Gdansk University of Technology, Institute of Naval Architecture, Poland
  • PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  • PATET Research Group, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Bibliografia
  • 1. J. Bełdowski et al., “Chemical munitions search & assessment - An evaluation of the dumped munitions problem in the Baltic Sea,” Deep. Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., vol. 128, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.01.017.
  • 2. I. Wilkinson, (Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey), “Chemical weapon munitions dumped at sea: An interactive map,” 2017. https://nonproliferation. org/chemical-weapon-munitions-dumped-at-sea/.
  • 3. Anonymous, “Chemical weapons material dumped at sea; Interactive map,” 2017. https://www.google.com/maps/d/ viewer?ll=5.368292378570265%2C0&z=2&mid=1ALnyO rN5JQ8H50znwJqI_Sj8IwE.
  • 4. J. Beldowski, “Chemical munitions dumped in the Baltic Sea. Report of the ad hoc expert group to update and review the existing information on dumped chemical munitions in the Baltic Sea (HELCOM MUNI),” in Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings (BSEP), No. 142, p. 128, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://helcom.fi/wp-content/ uploads/2019/08/Dumped-chemical-munitions-in-theBaltic-Sea.pdf.
  • 5. Anonymous, “A framework for developing national guidelines for fishermen on how to deal with encounters conventional and chemical munitions,” 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.environet.eu/pub/pubwis/ rura/20070113123123.pdf.
  • 6. Anonymous, “Overview of past dumping at sea of chemical weapons and munitions in the OSPAR Maritime Area 2010 update,” 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.ospar. org/ospar-data/p00519_2010 revised dumping at sea of munitions and weapons.pdf.
  • 7. Anonymous, “Government won’t remove thousands of tons of potentially toxic chemical weapons dumped off US coasts,” 2017. https://underwatermunitions. org/2017/10/17/government-wont-remove-thousands-oftons-of-potentially-toxic-chemical-weapons-dumped-offus-coasts/.
  • 8. M. Geuss, “In southeastern Colorado, robots carefully disarm WWII-era chemical weapons,” 2017. https:// arstechnica.com/science/2017/02/in-southwesterncolorado-robots-carefully-disarm-wwii-era-chemicalweapons/.
  • 9. M. de Yoanna, “In Pueblo, America’s chemical weapons era nears an end,” 2019. https://www.kunc.org/news/2019-08-08/ in-pueblo-americas-chemical-weapons-era-nears-an-end.
  • 10. S. Jones, “Yellow Cross: the advent of mustard gas in 1917,” 2007. https://simonjoneshistorian.com/2014/02/04/ yellow-cross-the-advent-of-mustard-gas-in-1917/.
  • 11. Anonymous, “US Projectile, 155mm Chemical, M121A1.” https://www.bulletpicker.com/projectile_-155mmchemical_-m4.html.
  • 12. R. Miętkiewicz, “Do WWII weapons dumped in the Baltic Sea pose a threat to wind energy?,” 2022. https://balticwind. eu/do-wwii-weapons-sunk-in-the-baltic-sea-pose-a-threatto-wind-energy/.
  • 13. Anonymous, “Removal of hazardous substances from the bottom of the Baltic Sea – solution of Remontowa Holding,” 2021. https://www.polandatsea.com/removalof-hazardous-substances-from-the-bottom-of-the-balticsea-solution-of-remontowa-holding/.
  • 14. J. Donovan, “Method and apparatus for the destruction of suspected terrorist weapons by detonation in a contained environment,” WO2001048437A1, 1999 [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2001048437A1/en.
  • 15. M. J. R. Carr, C. Sennett, and B. Wilkinson, “Remote control robot vehicle,” US Patent 4621562, 1986. [Online]. Available: http://www.google.com/patents?hl=en&lr= &vid=USPAT4621562&id=fqQzAAAAEBAJ&oi=fnd&dq=Remote+control+robot+vehicle&am p;printsec=abstract. [Accessed: Feb. 11, 2012].
  • 16. J. Barton, “Remotely operated, underwater non-destructive ordnance recovery system and method,” US 7363844 B2, 2006 [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/ patent/US7363844B2/en?oq=US+7%2C363%2C844+B2+.
  • 17. J. Koebel, “Method and device for disposing of a piece of unexploded ordnance lying under water,” EP3479052B1, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/ EP3479052B1/en?oq=EP3479052B1.
  • 18. N. Scheffer and M. Freudenthal, “Method and apparatus for deactivating unexploded ordnance located under water,” WO2020030558A1, 2018 [Online]. Available: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020030558A1/ de?oq=WO2020030558A1.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-44ebb0ab-9006-443e-b7d9-989d7400cd20
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