Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole – frakcja wdychalna : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Bruchajzer, Elżbieta; Frydrych, Barbara; Szymańska, Jadwiga

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.3980

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole – frakcja wdychalna : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Autorzy

Bruchajzer Elżbieta , Frydrych Barbara , Szymańska Jadwiga

Treść / Zawartość

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0014.3980

Warianty tytułu

Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts – inhalable fraction : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Kwas nitrylotrioctowy (NTA) i jego sole sodowe to białe ciała stałe, bez zapachu. NTA słabo rozpuszcza się w wodzie, w przeciwieństwie do jego soli trisodowej (Na3NTA), (najczęściej produkowanej i stosowanej). Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole (głównie Na3NTA) mają właściwości chelatujące i są stosowane jako zamienniki EDTA i wypełniacze w środkach czyszczących, wybielających i dezynfekujących. Na podstawie zgłoszonych do ECHA zidentyfikowanych zastosowań NTA i jego sole zaliczono do TOP 50 substancji rakotwórczych. Narażenie ludzi na NTA i jego sole może być związane z ich produkcją, przetwarzaniem i stosowaniem. W ekspozycji zawodowej największe stężenia NTA mieściły się w zakresie 0,24 ÷ 3,7 mg/m³ . U ludzi nie notowano wtedy żadnych objawów działania toksycznego związku. W Polsce nie ma danych dotyczących narażenia ludzi na NTA i jego sole. Sól trisodową kwasu nitrylotrioctowego zaliczono do kategorii 4 toksyczności ostrej, dla której wartość DL50 po podaniu dożołądkowym mieści się w granicach 1 300 ÷ 1 600 mg/kg mc. (u szczurów). Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole nie działają drażniąco i uczulająco. Narządem krytycznym działania NTA i jego soli u zwierząt są nerki. W toksyczności przewlekłej narażenie szczurów na stężenia 0,03 ÷ 1% Na3NTA w paszy powodowało objawy uszkodzenia nerek, a po stężeniach 1,5 ÷ 2% w paszy stwierdzono nowotwory układu moczowego. W IARC zaliczono NTA i jego sole do grupy 2B (czynniki przypuszczalnie rakotwórcze dla ludzi), a Unia Europejska zakwalifikowała Na3NTA do kategorii 2 z przypisem „H351 – podejrzewa się, że powoduje raka” i adnotacją „przy stężeniach > 5%”. Nie ma wiarygodnych dowodów na mutagenność NTA i jego soli. Kwas nitrylotrioctowy bardzo szybko wchłania się do organizmu, osiągając największe stężenia po 1 ÷ 2 h, z okresem półtrwania ok. 3 h. Wydala się głównie w postaci niezmienionej. Mechanizm działania toksycznego NTA jest związany z zaburzeniami w poziomie niektórych pierwiastków w nerkach, co prowadzi do uszkodzeń komórek, procesów proliferacyjnych i powstawania nowotworów pochodzenia nabłonkowego w układzie moczowym. Kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole nasilają rakotwórcze działanie nitrozoamin w nerkach. Podstawą do ustalenia wartości NDS dla NTA były doświadczenia wykonane na zwierzętach, w wyniku których stwierdzono, że NTA i jego sole działają toksycznie na nerki (narząd krytyczny). Za wartość NDS przyjęto stężenie 3 mg/m³ . Nie ma podstaw do wyznaczenia najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) oraz dopuszczalnego stężenia w materiale biologicznym (DSB). Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.

Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and its sodium salts are white and odourless solids. NTA is poorly soluble in water, unlike its trisodium salt (Na3NTA) (the most commonly produced and used). Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts (Na3NTA) have chelating properties and they are used as EDTA replacement and fillers in cleaning, bleaching and disinfecting agents. On the basis of the identified uses reported to ECHA, NTA and its salts were included in the TOP50 carcinogenic substances. Human exposure to NTA and its salts may be related to their production, processing and use. In occupational exposure, the highest concentrations of nitrilotriacetic acid ranged between 0.24 and 3.7 mg/m³ . No symptoms of a toxic effect were noted in humans at these concentrations. There are no data on human exposure to NTA and its salts in Poland. Trisodium nitrilotriacetate is classified as acute toxicity category 4, for which the LD50 value after intragastric administration is 1300 - 1600 mg/kg b.w. (in rats). The kidneys are the critical organs. Rats exposed chronically to Na3NTA at concentrations of 0.03% - 1% in feed caused symptoms of kidney damage, and at concentrations of 1.5% - 2% in feed – cancer of the urinary system was observed. IARC includes NTA and its salts to group 2B (presumably carcinogenic to humans), and the European Union has classified Na3NTA to category 2 with the footnote “H351 – suspected of causing cancer” and the annotation “at concentrations >5%”. There is no reliable evidence of mutagenicity of NTA and its salts. Nitrilotriacetic acid is very quickly absorbed into the body, reaching the highest concentrations after 1 - 2 hour, with a half-life of about 3 hours. It is excreted mainly unchanged. The mechanism of the toxic action of NTA is associated with disturbances in the level of certain elements in the kidneys, which lead to cell damage, proliferative processes, and the formation of epithelial neoplasms in the urinary tract. Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts increase the carcinogenic effect of nitrosamines in the kidneys. The basis for determining the maximum acceptable concentration (MAC; TLV-TWA) for NTA were experiments performed on animals, in which NTA and its salts were found to be nephrotoxic. The concentration of 3 mg/m³ was assumed as the MAC value. There are no bases to determine the short-term exposure limit (STEL) and the biological limit value (BLV). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Słowa kluczowe

kwas nitrylotrioctowy i jego sole narażenie zawodowe toksyczność NDS nauki o zdrowiu inżynieria środowiska

nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts occupational exposure toxicity MAC health sciences environmental engineering

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2020

Tom

Nr 3 (105)

Strony

37--95

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 118 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Bruchajzer Elżbieta

elzbieta.bruchajzer@umed.lodz.pl

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

autor

Frydrych Barbara

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

autor

Szymańska Jadwiga

Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi 90-151 Łódź, ul. J. Muszyńskiego 1 POLAND

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).

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Bibliografia

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