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Institutional corruption as the bane of critical infrastructure protection in Nigeria

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Against a background of contemporary security challenges such as terrorism, violent extremism, insurgency, armed banditry, and separatist movements across the country, the study attempts to examine critical infrastructure protection. With the aid of largely secondary data, the study finds that there is an inextricable link between CIP and institutional corruption in Nigeria. Institutional corruption has been a major factor inhibiting effective critical infrastructure protection in Nigeria. This is because funds meant for the strengthening of operational effectiveness of the agencies are often diverted to other expenditure that does not have an effect on the operational strength of the agencies, thereby undermining their capacity to deliver on their mandates and increasing the vulnerability of the infrastructures to vandalism. The study recommends the adoption of a whole-of-society approach to CIP in Nigeria, because of its ability to block leakages and ensure transparency in the business of government as well as encouraging all stakeholders, the state, private, CSOs, the media, traditional institutions and all others involved, to share responsibilities in the protection of infrastructures as part of their concerns.
Rocznik
Strony
63--75
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., tab.
Twórcy
  • Centre for Strategic Research and Studies, National Defence College, Herbert Macauley Way, Garki Abuja, 900246, Abuja, Nigeria
Bibliografia
  • 1. Abolurin, A. (2013) ‘The role of Nigeria security and civil defence corps in safeguarding collective security in Nigeria’, in Paper Presented at the National Conference of the Society for Peace Studies and Practice (SPSP). Unpublished Work.
  • 2. BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2021) ‘Update on Nigeria energy sector’, in Statistical review of world energy. 20th edn. July. Available at: https://www.bp.com/englobal/co... (Accessed: 12 August 2021).
  • 3. Brown, K.A. (2006) Critical path: A brief history of critical infrastructure protection in the United States. Critical Infrastructure Protection Project, George Mason University. Virginia: Spectrum Publishers. Available at: www.spgidesign.com (Accessed 12 August 2021).
  • 4. Congressional Research Services (CRS) Report (2019) Fiscal Year 2018 Annual Report to the Joint Committee on the Library United States Congress Pursuant to Section 321 Public Law 91-510.
  • 5. Cyber Security and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) (2020). Identifying critical infrastructure during Covid-19. Available at: https://www.cis.gov/identifyin... (Accessed: 20 October 2021).
  • 6. DCSINT Handbook (2006) A military guide to terrorism in the twenty-first century. United States Army TRADOC, August 10. N0.1: Version 4.0: Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
  • 7. Enweremadu, D.U. (2022) Anti-corruption in Nigeria (1999–2007): The politics of a failed reform. Ibadan: French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA-Nigeria). doi: 10.4000/books.ifra.1588.
  • 8. Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999) Section 15 (5) of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as amended.
  • 9. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2007) Nigerian security and civil defence corps amendment act No. 6.
  • 10. Federal Republic of Nigeria (2019) National Security Strategy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, December. Abuja: Office of National Security Adviser to the President.
  • 11. Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA) (2021) ‘Corruption: Nigeria loses over $15 billion to illicit financial flow annually’, Vanguard News, 26 April. Available at: https://www.vanguardngr.com/20... (Accessed: 14 November 2021).
  • 12. Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) (2021) ‘Nigeria: 2020 budget manipulation: ICPC mops up N142 billion, indicts 51 health institutions’, Vanguard News, 18 February.
  • 13. Available at: https://www.vanguardngr.com/20... (Accessed: 22 August 2021).
  • 14. Lessig, L. (2013) ‘Institutional corruption defined’, Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(3), pp. 553–555. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12063.
  • 15. Mbeki, T. (2018) Africa’s loss through illicit financial flows rises to $80 billion annually. Available at: https://www.preiumtimesng.com/... (Accessed: 20 October 2021).
  • 16. Mboho, K.S. and Udousoro, T.E (2014) ‘An appraisal of the role of Nigeria security and civil defence corps in the reduction of Vandalism of Oil Pipelines in the Niger Delta Region’, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(18). https://www.iiste.org/Journals... (Accessed: 10 February 2022).
  • 17. Miller, S. (2017) Institutional corruption: A study in applied philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 28 September. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core... (Accessed: 20 October 2021).
  • 18. Mitrevska, M. (2019) ‘Critical infrastructure: Notion and concept’, in Mitrevska, M., Mileski, T. and Mikac, R. (eds.) Critical infrastructure: Concept and security challenges. Skopje: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, pp. 19–43.
  • 19. National Guidelines for the Protection of Critical Infrastructure from Terrorism (2011) The Australian government policy on CIP. Camper-down NSW: Australian Institute for Policy and Science.
  • 20. Nye, J.S. (1989) ‘Political corruption: A cost benefit analysis’, in A.J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston, and V.I. Vine (eds.), Political corruption: A handbook. New York: Routledge, pp. 963–983.
  • 21. Olwale, O. (2018) ‘Nigeria needs critical infrastructure to harness oil, gas potentials’, Leadership Business Features, 25 October. Available at: https://leadership.ng/nigeria-... (Accessed: 4 January 2022).
  • 22. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2002) Corruption: A glossary of international criminal standard. OECD Publication. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/corruptio... (Accessed: 4 January 2022).
  • 23. Owasanoye, B. (2011) ‘Fighting corruption and building human security in Nigeria: Whole of security approach’, A Paper Presented at the National Defence College, Nigeria for Course 30, 22 October 2021.
  • 24. Owusu, M. (1976) ‘Democracy and Africa: A View from the Village’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 30(3), pp. 369–396. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X00010806.
  • 25. Smith-Crowe, K. and Warren, D.E. (2014) ‘The emotions-evoked collective corruption model: The role of emotion in the spread of corruption within organizations’, Journal of Organizational Science, 25(1), pp. 1154–1171. doi: 10.1287/orsc.2014.0896.
  • 26. The United States of America Patriot Act (2001) Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. Public Law 107-56. Washington DC.
  • 27. Thompson, D. (2018) ‘Theories of institutional corruption’, Annual Review of Political Science, 21(1), pp. 495–513. doi: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-120117-110316.
  • 28. UNDP Human Development Report (2020) Nigeria: Human development and the Anthropocene: Briefing note for countries on the 2020 human development report. Available at: https://hdr.undp.or/sites/defa... (Accessed: 14 September 2021).
  • 29. United States of America Executive Order 13010 (1996) ‘The Clinton’s Administration’s Policy on critical infrastructure protection: Presidential decision directive 63’, Federal Register, 61(138). Available at: http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/d... (Accessed: 4 January 2022).
  • 30. World Bank (1997) ‘Helping countries combat corruption: The role of the World Bank’, Financial Times, September 16.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-43e50c29-945c-45f4-b182-a5ec3ada19be
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