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Foam extinguishing agents are one of the most commonly used and effective means during rescue and firefighting operations. However, their applicability depends on a number of parameters, which are defined in relevant standards and guidelines. They include substances that are characterised by greater or lesser toxicity, such as fluoroorganic compounds, so proper handling of these materials is one of the priorities for their management. The analysis involved 3 foam extinguishing agents of different compositions types fluoroprotein (FP), aqueous film forming (AFFF), alcohol-resistant (AR) after the lapse of their declared useful life by the manufacturers. These agents were tested for selected parameters vital for proper firefighting operations, i.e. the expansion ratio and drainage time of the agents, which were also subjected to temperature conditioning, and the extinguishing efficiency on a small scale. Based on the tests carried out on various foam-forming extinguishing agents, it was found that despite exceeding the expiry date specified by the manufacturer, these agents may be suitable for further use in relation to tests of selected parameters, analyzed in accordance with the EN 1568-3:2018 standard.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
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Tom
Strony
61--74
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Józefów, Poland
autor
- Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Józefów, Poland
autor
- Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Józefów, Poland
autor
- Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection, National Research Institute, Józefów, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1000 of 13 June 2017 amending Annex XVII of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) as regards perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and related substances.
- 2. EN 13565-2:2018+AC:2019 Fixed firefighting systems – Foam systems – Part 2: Design, construction and maintenance.
- 3. EN 1568-3:2018 Fire extinguishing media – Foam concentrates – Part 3: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for surface application to water-immiscible liquids, CEN, 2018.
- 4. EN 1568-4:2018 Fire extinguishing media – Foam concentrates. Part 4: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for surface application to water-miscible liquids, CEN, 2018.
- 5. Gorkunenko, V.M., & Kazakov, M.V., (1975). Przyspieszone metody określania okresu składowania środków pianotwórczych. Biuletyn Informacji Technicznej, no. 4.
- 6. IMO MSC.1/Circ.1312 z 10.06.2009 Revised Guidelines for the Performance and Testing Criteria, and Surveys of foam Concentrates for Fixed Fire-Extinguishing Systems
- 7. ITRC, https://pfas-1.itrcweb.org/3-firefighting-foams/ [21.07.2023]
- 8. Jiang, N., Sheng, Y., Li, C., & Lu, S., (2018). Surface activity, foam properties and aggregation behavior of mixtures of short-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 268, 249-255., doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.055
- 9. Małozięć, D., & Koniuch, A., (2009). Wpływ pianotwórczych środków gaśniczych i neutralizatorów na środowisko naturalne, szczególnie na organizmy wodne. Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza, 2, 117–138.
- 10. Mizerski, A., & Sobolewski, M., (2007). Rozszerzona charakterystyka środków pianotwórczych stosowanych w pożarnictwie i ratownictwie chemicznym. Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP, No. 35.
- 11. Porycka, B., & Rakowska, J., (2002). Przeterminowany i co dalej. Przegląd Pożarniczy, 2, 23-31.
- 12. Rabajczyk, A., Zielecka, M., & Gniazdowska, J., (2022). Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents. Materials, 15(24), 8876. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248876
- 13. Rakowska J., (2008). Zjawiska reologiczne w pianotwórczych środkach gaśniczych, Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza, 4, 101–118.
- 14. Rakowska, J., & Porycka, B., (2006). Trwałość środków gaśniczych. Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza, 1, 31–38.
- 15. Shakov, S., & Vinogradov, S., (2020). Fire Extinguishing Efficiency of Compressed Air Foam, Water and Gel Forming Agents in a Standard Class A Test Fire. SFT, 55(1), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.12845/sft.55.1.2020.10
- 16. Shen, J., Bai, Y., Tai, X., Wang, W., & Wang, G., (2018). Surface activity and foam properties of novel Gemini short-chain fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon mixed system in aqueous solutions. CS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6, 5, 6183–6191. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04895
- 17. Sheng, Y., Jiang, N., Lu, S., Zhao, Y., Wang, Q., Ma, L., & Liu, X., (2019). Molecular interaction and foaming property of the mixtures of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon and silicone surfactants, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 296, 111836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111836
- 18. Sheng, Y., Yan, C., Peng, Y., Li, Y., Ma, L., Wang, Q., Gao, W., & Zhang, S., (2022). Influence of nano-aluminum hydroxide on foam properties of the mixtures of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 357, 119158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119158
- 19. Yin, F., Ren, Z., Hussain, J., Tian, Z., Jia, T., & Liu,W., (2023). Analysis on the Substitution of Perfluoro-Octane Sulphonates in Foam-Based Extinguishing Agents in China. Sustainability, 15, 11437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411437
- 20. Yu, X., Jiang, N., Miao, X., Li, F., Wang, J., Zong R., & Lu, S., (2020). Comparative studies on foam stability, oil-film interaction and fire extinguishing performance for fluorine-free and fluorinated foams. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 133, 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.11.016
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-434bac9c-c6bd-4e41-8aa8-07798baa0c12
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