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An aqueous titration method is described to assay the insensitive, high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). TATB is initially quantitatively converted to the weak acid 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (THTNB) by base catalysed hydrolysis. Subsequently THTNB is assayed by acidbase titration. TATB samples obtained from regular batch operations are assayed by this method, and the results are compared with those obtained by the total amino functional group estimation method using a modified Kjeldhal apparatus. The method is simple and has good accuracy and precision.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
295--305
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 36 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Division, Sutarwadi, Pune-411021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Division, Sutarwadi, Pune-411021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Division, Sutarwadi, Pune-411021, India
autor
- High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Division, Sutarwadi, Pune-411021, India
Bibliografia
- [1] Dobratz B.M., The Insensitive High Explosive Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB): Development and Characterisation: 1888 to 1994, Report LA-13014-H, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1995.
- [2] Boddu V.M., Viswanath D.S., Ghosh T.K., Damavarapu R., 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5- trinitrobenzene (TATB) and TATB-based formulations − A review, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 181, 1-8.
- [3] Bellamy A.J., Ward S.J., Golding P., A New Synthesis Route to 1,3,5-Triamino- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), Propellants Explos. Pyrotech, 2002, 27, 49-58.
- [4] Mitchell A.R., Pagoria P.F., Schmidt R.D., A New Synthesis of TATB Using Inexpensive Starting Material and Mild Reaction Conditions, 27th Int. Annu. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1996.
- [5] Ott D.G., Benziger T.M., Preparation of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene from 3,5-Dichloroanisole, J. Energ. Mater., 1987, 5, 343-354.
- [6] Quinlin W.T., Estes V.L., Evans W.H., Schaffer C.L., Pilot Scale Synthesis of TATB, Report MHSMP-76-20, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1976.
- [7] Benziger T.M., Manufacture of TATB, 12th Int. Annu. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 1981.
- [8] Ervin M., LeClaire E., Price D., Tucker N., Mahoney T., Robinson C., Sleadd B., Steinhoff L., Manufacture of Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) by the Benziger Method at Holston Army Ammunition Plant, 2012 Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Material Technology Symposium (IMEMTS), Las Vegas, NV, 2012.
- [9] Narasimhan V.L., Bhattacharyya S.C., Mandal A.K., Nandi A.K., Scaling Up the Process for Preparing 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), HEMRL Report 6/2006, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Sutarwadi, Pune, India, 2006.
- [10] Nandi A.K., Sutar V.B., Bhattacharyya S.C., Thermal Hazards Evaluation for sym- TCB Nitration Reaction Using Thermal Screening Unit (TSU), J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2004, 76, 895-901.
- [11] Nandi A.K., Kasar S.M., Thanigaivelan U., Mandal A.K., Pandey R.K., Formation of the Sensitive Impurity 1,3,5-Triamino-2-chloro-4,6-nitrobenzene in Pilot Plant TATB Production, Org. Process. Res. Dev., 2012, 16, 2036-2042.
- [12] Nandi A.K., Sutar V.B., Jadhav V.V., Mali N.P., Mandal A.K, Pandey R.K., Bhattacharyya B., Hazardous Wastes Generated in Manufacture of High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), J. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste, 2013 (just accepted).
- [13] Nandi A.K., Ghosh M., Sutar V.B., Mandal A. K, Pandey R.K., Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 9(2), 119-130.
- [14] Selig W., How to Estimate the Solubility of an Insoluble Compound-TATB, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Report UCID-17412, 8th Propellant Characterization Working Meeting, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 1977.
- [15] Talawar M.B., Agarwal, A.P., Anniyappan M., Gore G.M., Asthana S.N., Venugopalan S., Method for Preparation of Fine TATB (2-5μm) and Its Evaluation in Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations, J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, B137, 1848.
- [16] Nandi A.K., Kasar S.M., Thanigaivelan U., Ghosh M., Mandal A.K., Bhattacharyya S.C., Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine TATB, J. Energ. Mater., 2007, 25, 213.
- [17] Yang G., Nie F., Huang H., Zhao L., Pang W., Preparation and Characterization of Nano-TATB Explosive, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2006, 31(5), 390.
- [18] Foltz M.F., Maienschein J.L., Green L.G., Particle Size Control of 1,3,5-Triamino- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene by Recrystallization from DMSO, J. Mater. Sci., 1996, 31, 1741-1750.
- [19] Foltz M.F., Ornellas D.L., Pagoria P.F., Mitchell A.R., Recrystallization and Solubility of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,-trinitrobenzene in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, J. Mater. Sci., 1996, 31, 1893-1901.
- [20] Cady H.H., Larson A.C., The Crystal Structure of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6- trinitrobenzene, Acta Crystallogr., 1965, 18, 485.
- [21] Kolb J.R., Rizzo H.F., Growth of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) I. Anisotropic Thermal Expansion, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1979, 4, 10-16.
- [22] Schaffer C.L., Assay of TATB by HPLC, Report MHSMP-78-65, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1978.
- [23] Schaffer C.L., Teter A.C., Assay of TATB by HPLC, Precision And Accuracy Study, Report MHSMP-79-32, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1979.
- [24] Rigdon P., Stephens F.B., Harrar J.E., Precise Assay of TATB by the Determination of Total Amino and Nitro Functional Group, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 1983, 8, 206.
- [25] Narasimhan V.L., Bhattacharyya S.C., Mandal A.K., Nandi A.K., Provisional Specification for TATB, No. HEMRL/CEPP/PS/364, High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Sutarwadi, Pune, India, 2005.
- [26] Nandi A.K., Singh S.K., Kunjir G.M., Singh J., Mandal A.K, Pandey R.K., Assay of the Insensitive High Explosive 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) by Acid-Base Titration, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2013, 10(1), 113-122.
- [27] Nandi A.K., Paramasivan P., Singh S.K., Mandal A.K, Pandey R.K., Assay of the Insensitive High Explosive FOX-7 by Non-Aqueous Titration, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 9(4), 343-352.
- [28] Bassett J., Denney R.C., Jeffery G.H., Mendham J., Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 4th ed., Longman Group Limited, England, 1978, p. 235.
- [29] Harris B.W., TATB-Strong Basic Reaction Provide Soluble Derivatives for a Simple, Qualitative High Explosive Spot Test, J. Energ. Mater., 1985, 3, 81-93.
- [30] Sykes P., A Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi, India, 1988.
- [31] Estes Z.L., Chlorine Free Synthesis of TATB, Report MHSMP-77-24, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1977.
- [32] Locke J.G., Estes Z.L., Emulsion Amination of TCTNB, Report MHSMP-78-26, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1978.
- [33] Benziger T.M., Method for the Production of High-purity Triaminotrinitrobenzene, US Patent 4032377 A, 1977.
- [34] Benziger T.M., Method of Making Fine Grained Triaminotrinitrobenzene, US Patent 4481371, 1984.
- [35] Mehilal, Prasad U.S., Survey R.N., Agrawal J.P., Determination of Chlorine Content in 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene by Converting It into 1,3,5-Trihydroxy- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene by Treatment with Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide, Analyst, 1998, 123, 397-398.
- [36] Schaffer C.L., Quinlin W.T., Analysis of Chloronitrobenzene in TATB, Report MHSMP-82-25, Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Company, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX, 1982.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-4240b32f-623a-493a-95ec-ca2738e4486b