Employee motivation factors across generational cohorts X, Y and Z in the IT industry in Poland

Klesta, Rafał; Korpula, Wojciech; Grębosz-Krawczyk, Magdalena

doi:10.29119/1641-3466.2024.202.13

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Employee motivation factors across generational cohorts X, Y and Z in the IT industry in Poland

Autorzy

Klesta Rafał , Korpula Wojciech , Grębosz-Krawczyk Magdalena

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

Pobierz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29119/1641-3466.2024.202.13

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Purpose: This paper explores the drivers for employee motivation in the IT sector in Poland. Specifically, it focuses on differences in what motivates employees belonging to generations X, Y and Z. Design/methodology/approach: This study, rooted in existing international literature around the topic of employee motivation, draws on 16 semi-structured interviews performed in May and June 2023 with senior managers and human resources representatives working in IT sector in Poland. The data was analysed using MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative section of this study are conformant with previous research from other sectors that the major motivation factors are finance and growth possibilities, when it comes to IT sector in Poland. However, it stresses that for the finance induced motivation boost to last it needs to be combined with growth. Also, generational differences between motivation factors were identified. The findings indicate to managers that motivation factors such as finance should not be treated in separation, but they should be accompanied by an adequate increase in responsibility and that for various generations different forms of employment could facilitate the motivating process. Research limitations/implications: The conclusions were formulated taking into account the sample’s limitations. The qualitative study was limited to the group of 16 respondents who despite having experience from multiple companies, at the time of the interviews worked for the same company: Atos Group. Therefore, this research can encourage further reflection on employee motivation in the IT sector. Originality/value: The systematic literature review indicated that the subject of employee motivation factors had not been undertaken in the context of Polish IT sector specificity.

Słowa kluczowe

employee motivation IT industry generational differences generation X generation Y generation Z

motywacja pracowników branża IT różnice pokoleniowe pokolenie X pokolenie Y pokolenie Z

Wydawca

Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej

Czasopismo

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

Rocznik

2024

Tom

z. 202

Strony

199--222

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 73 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Klesta Rafał

rafal.klesta@dokt.p.lodz.pl

Łódź University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Institute of Marketing and Sustainable Development

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-1020

autor

Korpula Wojciech

wojciech.korpula@dokt.p.lodz.pl

Łódź University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Institute of Marketing and Sustainable Development

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-4588

autor

Grębosz-Krawczyk Magdalena

magdalena.grebosz@p.lodz.pl

Łódź University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Institute of Marketing and Sustainable Development

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8339-2270

Bibliografia

1. Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., Maude, P. (2017). Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. Life Science Journal, 14(5), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.7537/marslsj140517.03
2. Anguelov, K., Stoyanova, T., Tamošiūnienė, R. (2020). Research of motivation of employees in the it sector in Bulgaria. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(3), 2556-2567. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.7.3(73)
3. Anjali, K.T., Anand, D. (2015). Intellectual Stimulation and Job Commitment: A Study of IT Professionals. The IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. XIV, Iss. 2.
4. Bhatt, N., Chitranshi, J., Mehta, M. (2022). Testing Herzberg's two factor theory on millennials. Cardiometry, 22, 231-236. https://doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry. 2022.22.23123
5. Buford, J.A., Bedeian, A.G., Lindner, J.R. (1995). Management in extension. Ohio State University Extension.
6. Bussin, M.H.R., Mohamed-Padayachee, K., Serumaga-Zake, P. (2019). A total rewards framework for the attraction of generation y employees born 1981-2000 in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm. v17i0.1066
7. Chang, K.C., Hsu, Y.T., Cheng, Y.S., Kuo, N.Te. (2021). How work engagement influences relationship quality: the roles of work motivation and perceived service guarantee strength. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 32(11-12), 1316-1340. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2019.1700107
8. Chybalski, F. (2017). O uogólnianiu wyników analiz ilościowych w naukach o zarządzaniu. Zeszyty naukowe - organizacja i zarządzanie (pp. 1-15). Politechnika Łódzka.
9. Dash, M., Muthyala, A. (2016). Employee Retention and Engagement in Indian IT Companies. Journal of Organisation and Human Behaviour, 5(3). https://www.proquest.com/openview/892c98f00da156dd9e156ea52790c74b/1?pq- origsite=gscholar&cbl=2030932
10. Deal, J.J., Stawiski, S., Graves, L., Gentry, W.A., Weber, T.J., Ruderman, M. (2013). Motivation at work: Which matters more, generation or managerial level? Consulting Psychology Journal, 65(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032693
11. Dimitriou, C.K., Usa, C., Blum, S.C. (2015). An exploratory study of Greek Millennials in the hotel industry: How do they compare to other generations? International Journal of Global Business, vol. 8, iss. 1.
12. Dobrowolski, Z., Drozdowski, G., Panait, M. (2022). Understanding the Impact of Generation Z on Risk Management-A Preliminary Views on Values, Competencies, and Ethics of the Generation Z in Public Administration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19073868
13. Dokadia, A., Rai, S., Chawla, D. (2015). Multigenerational Differences in Work Attributes & Motivation: An Empirical Study. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations., 50(1), 81-96.
14. Duda, J. (2016). Benefits without a motivation impact for generation Y. 14th International Scientific Conference on Hradec Economic Days.
15. Dwivedula, R. (2020). Job characteristics as a determinant of intrinsic motivation: an empirical study of generation Z. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 9(2), 29-40. http://publishingindia.com/jshrm/
16. Dwivedula, R., Singh, P. (2020). What motivates Gen Z at work? An empirical analysis. Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(2), 40-53.
17. Fratričová, J., Kirchmayer, Z. (2018). Barriers to work motivation of generation Z. Journal of Human Resource Management, XXI. www.jhrm.eu
18. Garai-fodor, M., Varga, J., Csiszárik-Kocsir, Á. (2021). Correlation between generation z in hungary and the motivating factors to do volunteer work in a value-based approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011519
19. Gertsson, N., Broberg, P., Friberg, J., Sylvander, J. (2018). Exploring Motivational Drivers of Audit Employees - A Study Focusing on Generation Y. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.33423/JAF.V18I2.401
20. Glinka, B., Czakon, W. (2021). Podstawy badań jakościowych. PWE.
21. Goh, E., Baum, T. (2021). Job perceptions of Generation Z hotel employees towards working in Covid-19 quarantine hotels: the role of meaningful work. International ournal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1688-1710. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2020-1295
22. Graczyk-Kucharska, M. (2019). Knowledge management for human resources: profile of a generation Z employee. Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, ECKM, 1, 434-442. https://doi.org/10.34190/KM.19.146
23. Grenčíková, A., Navickas, V., Spankova, J., Krajčo, K. (2022). The motivation of different employee generations: a case study of the spa industry. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(1), 80-90. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.10.1(4)
24. Grobelna, A., Skrzeszewska, K.J. (2016). Determinants of a career path choice by generation y: the maritime university students' perspective project. 18th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development - Building Resilient Society, 82-91. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311589209
25. Heyns, M.M., Kerr, M.D. (2018). Generational differences in workplace motivation. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm. v16i0.967
26. Hoole, C., Bonnema, J. (2015). Work engagement and meaningful work across generational cohorts. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.681
27. Hradský, O., Sadílek, T. (2020). Motivation of generation y members working in their parents' businesses. Journal of East European Management Studies, 25(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2020-1-35
28. Izvercian, M., Potra, S., Ivascu, L. (2016). Job Satisfaction Variables: A Grounded Theory Approach. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2016.05.093
29. Jamal, M.T., Anwar, I., Khan, N.A. (2022). Voluntary part-time and mandatory full-time telecommuting: a comparative longitudinal analysis of the impact of managerial, work and individual characteristics on job performance. International Journal of Manpower, 43(6), 1316-1337. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2021-0281
30. Jones, T.L. (2011). Abstract Effects of Motivating and Hygiene Factors on Job Satisfaction Among School Nurses.
31. Kalargyrou, V., Kalargiros, E., Harvey, P. (2019). Managing entitled employees in the hospitality industry: an exploratory study. Advances in Hospitality and Leisure, 15, 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1745-354220190000015002
32. Kampf, R., Lorincová, S., Hitka, M., Stopka, O. (2017). Generational differences in the perception of corporate culture in European transport enterprises. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091561
33. Kaul, A., Maheshwari, D., Jain, P., Kumar, G., Bansal, K., Sharma, N., Francis, S., Jain, S., Mishra, S. (2020). A Study on Values and Attitudes of Indian Millennials. International Journal of Business Insights and Transformation.
34. Kirchmayer, Z., Fratričová, J. (2018). What Motivates Generation Z at Work? Insights into Motivation Drivers of Business Students in Slovakia. Innovation Management and Education Excellence through Vision. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 324797364
35. Kopertyńska, M.W., Kmiotek, K. (2015). Engagement of employees of generation y - theoretical issues and research experience. Argumenta Oeconomica, 35(2), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2015.2.10
36. Koronios, K., Mavromati, M., Kriemadis, A. (2017). Motivating Public Sector Employees: Evidence from Greece. International Journal of Business & Economic Sciences Applied Research, 10(1), 7-12.
37. Koszela, A. (2020). The influence of staff turnover on work motivation and job performance of employees in it sector - the results of empirical research. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 8(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL8_NO1_3
38. Kreitner, R. (1995). Management. Houghton Mifflin.
39. Kreye, M.E. (2016). Employee motivation in product-service system providers. Production Planning & Control, 27(15), 1249-1259. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287. 2016.1206219
40. Kultalahti, S., Viitala, R. (2015). Generation Y - Challenging clients for HRM? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-08-2014-0230
41. Kultalahti, S., Viitala, R.L. (2014). Sufficient challenges and a weekend ahead - Generation Y describing motivation at work. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-05-2014-0101
42. Lee, C.C., Lim, H.S., Seo, D. (Josh), Kwak, D.H.A. (2022). Examining employee retention and motivation: the moderating effect of employee generation. Evidence-Based HRM, 10(4), 385-402. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-05-2021-0101
43. Lewicka, D. (2013). Supporting innovation through HRM practices - Importance of motivation. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 14(2), 217-240. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIL.2013.055525
44. Lim, H. (2013). Managing Gen Y in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges in a unique labor market. Economic and Social Development: 2nd International Scientific Conference Book Of Proceedings. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320728191
45. Machova, R., Zsigmond, T., Zsigmondova, A., Seben, Z. (2022a). Employee satisfaction and motivation of retail store employees. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.1-05
46. Machova, R., Zsigmond, T., Zsigmondova, A., Seben, Z. (2022b). Employee satisfaction and motivation of retail store employees. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.1-05
47. Mahmoud, A.B., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I., Reisel, W.D., Grigoriou, N. (2021). We aren't your reincarnation! workplace motivation across X, Y and Z generations. International Journal of Manpower, 42(1), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-09-2019-0448
48. Mahmoud, A.B., Reisel, W.D., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I. (2021a). A motivational standpoint of job insecurity effects on organizational citizenship behaviors: A generational study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 62(2), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12689
49. Mahmoud, A.B., Reisel, W.D., Grigoriou, N., Fuxman, L., Mohr, I. (2020). The reincarnation of work motivation: Millennials vs older generations. International Sociology, 35(4), 393-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580920912970
50. Malichova, E., Miciak, M. (2019). Motivation as the Pivotal Factor Influencing the Utilization of Human Capital in the IT Industry. 7th International Academic Conference on Strategica - Upscaling Digital Transformation in Business and Economics, 108-117.
51. Maslow, A.H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370- 396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
52. Mishra, S., Mishra, S. (2017). Impact of Intrinsic Motivational Factors on Employee Retention among Gen Y: A Qualitative Perspective. Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 13(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.23862/KIIT-PARIKALPANA/2017/V13/I1/ 151269
53. Munir, Z.A., Shukor, S.A.M., Sundram, V.P.K., Dzulkipli, M.R., Shaharudin, N. (2017). Engaging the echo boomer: Teamwork at workplace. Advanced Science Letters, 23(11), 10519-10523. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10093
54. Ogunmokun, O., Eluwole, K.K., Ikhide, J.E., Lasisi, T.T. (2022). Dynamics of autonomy support leadership on Gen-Y employees in the Nigerian Public Service. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2571
55. Othman, R., Alias, N.E., Ariadi, N.S., Abdullah, A., Loon, K.W., Ismail, S., Ridzuan, A.R. (2017). Employee retention in emerging economy: A case of gen Y in Malaysian manufacturing company. Advanced Science Letters, 23(8), 7637-7640. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.9541
56. Pechová, J., Stejskalová, L. (2019). DIVERSITY AND AGE MANAGEMENT. The 13th International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, September 5-7.
57. Pillarisetty, K.N., Madhavan, S., Jyotishi, A. (2018). An Exploratory Study on Motivation 3.0 among the Indian IT Workforce. Productivity, 59(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2018.59.02.3
58. Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being Self-Determination Theory. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
59. Saeed, M.E.A., Muslim, N.A., Rahim, A.H.A., Rasli, M.A.M.R., Ghani, F.A., Redzuan, N.A.Z.A. (2018). Millennials Motivation Factors and Job Retention: An Evidence from Oil and Gas Company in Malaysia. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 10(3), 761-767.
60. Sarfraz, M., Ivascu, L., Khawaja, K.F., Vevera, A.V., Dragan, F. (2021). ICT Revolution from Traditional Office to Virtual Office: A Study on Teleworking During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Studies in Informatics and Control, 30(4), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.24846/V30I4Y202107
61. Shields, J. (2007). Managing Employee Performance and Reward. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139168748
62. Shirish, A., Boughzala, I., Srivastava, S.C. (2016). Adaptive Use of Social Networking Applications in Contemporary Organizations: Examining the Motivations of Gen Y Cohorts. International Journal Of Information Management, 36(6), 1111-1123.
63. Shuck, M.B., Wollard, K.K. (2009). A historical perspective of employee engagement: An emerging definition. http://coeweb.fiu.edu/research_conference/
64. Sinha, V., Abraham, A., Bhaskarna, B., Xavier, K., Kariat, K. (2014). Role efficacy: Studying the impact on employee engagement, employee motivation and attrition. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 5(4), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijhcitp.2014100103
65. Školudová, J., Horáková, L. (2016). The impact of motivating and stimulating generation y employees on company performance. 17th International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development (ESD) - Managerial Issues in Modern Business.
66. Stańczyk, S. (2015). Triangulacja - łączenie metod badawczych i urzetelnienie badań. In: W. Czakon (Ed.), Podstawy metodologii badań w naukach o zarządzaniu (pp. 243- 265). Wolters Kluwer.
67. Trends in Global Employee Engagement (2013).
68. Wamala, J., Genza, G.M. (2022). Teacher Needs Management and Retention of Generation Y Teachers in Private Secondary Schools in Mukono District, Uganda. MIER Journal of Educational Studies Trends and Practices, 32-51. https://doi.org/10.52634/mier/2022/v12/i1/2165
69. Warrier, A.G., Prasad, R. (2018). Motivators, Hygiene Factors and Job Satisfaction of Employees in IT Sector in India. 2018 International Conference On Advances In Computing, Communications And Informatics (ICACCI), 477-481.
70. Waseem, D., Biggemann, S., Garry, T. (2020). An exploration of the drivers of employee motivation to facilitate value co-creation. Journal of Services Marketing, 35(4), 442-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-11-2019-0458/FULL/XML
71. Wawer, M., Muryjas, P. (2018). Academic education and professional career of it specialists in contemporary enterprises. 11th Annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 4229-4236. https://doi.org/10.21125/ iceri.2018.1930
72. Wong, I.K.A., Wan, Y.K.P., Gao, J.H. (2017). How to attract and retain Generation Y employees? An exploration of career choice and the meaning of work. Tourism Management Perspectives, 23, 140-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.06.003
73. Yıldırım, N., Korkmaz, Y. (2017). Challenge of Millennials in Project Management. International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 8(2), 87-108. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITPM.2017040106

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-40a1345e-59d7-4eed-91aa-b104df1221f0