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Prediction of SAR of electromagnetic radiation due to virtual reality headsets in the human head

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Warianty tytułu
PL
Analiza współczynnika SAR dla urządzęń wirtualnej rzeczywistości
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Virtual reality (VR) headsets, 5G device, expose electromagnetic radiation to the human head led to concerns about the health effects. The purpose of this study is to predict the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to VR headsets in the human head. The study involves two biological models. Model A is a flat specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM). Model B is Model A inserted with a designed brain. The results are found that the SAR of model B is higher than that of model A, under the standard limits and not affected by temperature, short term memory, or memory load.
PL
Urządzenia wirtualnej rzeczywistości generują pola elektromagnetyczne. W artykule analizowano współczynnik SAR takich urządzeń dla dwóch modeli.
Rocznik
Strony
171--175
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok
  • Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi
  • King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok
Bibliografia
  • [1] Kowalski J., Jak pisać tekst do Przeglądu, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 78 (2002), nr 5, 125-128
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  • [1] Health & Consumer Protection DG, Possible effects of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) on Human Health. Brussels: European Commission. Available from: ec.europa.eu. Accessed date: Mar 15, 2016.
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  • [3] T. Dlugosz. Bioelectromagnetic effects measurements - SAR and induced Current, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 25 (2015), No.1, 209.
  • [4] F.S. Barnes and B. Greenebaum, Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields. 3rd ed. (2007), Taylor and Francis Group, 465p.
  • [5] World Health Organization, Electromagnetic fields and public health: mobile phones. Geneva. Available from: www.who.int. Accessed date: Feb 24, 2016
  • [6] M. Cvetkovic, H. Dodig and D. Poljak, A Study on the Use of Compound and Extracted Models in the High Frequency Electromagnetic Exposure Assessment, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2017:12
  • [7] A. Z. E. Dein and A. Amr, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Induced in Human Heads of various sizes when using a mobile phone, Proceedings of 7th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices; June 27-30, 2010; Amman, Jordan, p.1-6
  • [8] A. Hadjem et al. Analysis of Power Absorbed by Children’s Head as a Result of New Usages of Mobile Phone, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 52 (2010), No.4, 1088
  • [9] S.H. Ronald et al. Designing Asian-Sized Hand Model For SAR Determination at GSM900/1800_Simulation Part, Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 129 (2012), No.1, 439
  • [10] C.H. Li et al. Analysis of the Hand Effect on Head SAR with Generic and CAD Phone Models Using FDTD, Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium; July 11-17, 2010; Toronto, Ontario, Canada, p.1-4
  • [11] N. Nishiyama, N. Michishita and H. Morishita. SAR reduction of helmet antenna composed of folded dipole with slit-loaded ring, Proceedings of International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation; November 9-12, 2015; Hobart, TAS, Australia, p. 1-2
  • [12] H.Z. Abidin et al. Evaluation of SAR in the Human Head Due to Hand Ring Jewellery at 900 and 1800 MHz, Proceedings of IEEE International Conf. on Space Science and Communication; July 12-13, 2011; Penang, Malaysia, p. 277- 280
  • [13] C. Sriprasoet and A. Pruksanubal. Effects of Ring Metallic Objects on Specific Absorption Rate in Human Head Caused by Mobile Phone, Proceedings of 12th International conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology; June 24-27, 2015; Hua Hin, Thailand, 1-6
  • [14] Y.-C. Chen and C.-W. Kuo., Effects of Perfectly Conducting Spectacles on the SAR Distribution in the Human Head due to Signals from Mobile Communication Base Station, Kaohsiung, Taiwan: National Sun Yat-Sen University. Available from: citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. Accessed date: Mar 11, 2017
  • [15] J. Behari and J.P. Nirala. Specific absorption rate variation in a brain phantom due to exposure by a 3G mobile phone: problems in dosimetry. Indian J Exp Biol., 51 (2013), No.12, 1079
  • [16] P. Poungsri and A. Pruksanubal, The biological effect from mobile phone in human head, Proceedings of 13th International conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology; June 28-July 1, 2016; Chiangmai, Thailand, 1-6
  • [17] S. V. Paranam and V. Naidu, Numerical Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate and to Protect Human Brain from Microwave Radiation Using Electromagnetic Shielding, International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 3 (2016), No.4, 79
  • [18] C. E. Fernandez-Rodriguez, A. A. A. De Salles and D. E. Davis, Dosimetric simulations of brain absorption of mobile phone radiation—The relationship between psSAR and age, IEEE Access, 3 (2015), No.1, 2425
  • [19] B. Awada, G. Madi and A. Mohsen, Simulation of the Effect of 5G Cell Phone Radiation on Human Brain, Proceedings of IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Engineering Technology; November 14-16, 2018; Beirut, Lebanon, 1–6
  • [20] P. Bernardi et al. Specific Absorption Rate and Temperature Increases in the Head of a Cellular-Phone User, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., 48 (2000), No.7, 1118
  • [21] A. I. Sabbah, N. Dib and M. A. Al-Nimr. SAR and Temperature Elevation in a Multi-layered Human Head Model Due to an Obliquely Incident Plane Wave, Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, 13 (2010), No.1, 95
  • [22] T. Wessapan, S. Srisawatdhisukul and P. Rattanadecho. Specific absorption rate and temperature distributions in human head subjected to mobile phone radiation at different frequencies. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55 (2012), No.1, 347
  • [23] S. –J. Lee et al. Bandwidth Enhanced Tri-Band Monopole Slot Antenna on Ultra-Thin Metal Housed Devices, Proceedings of the 44th European Microwave Conference; October 6-9, 2014; Rome, Italy, p. 1508-1511
  • [24] G. Schmid et al. Bestimmung der Expositionsverteilung von HF Feldern im menschlichen Koerper unter Beruecksichtigung kleiner Strukturen und thermophysiologisch relevanter Parameter. Forschungsvorhaben, Deutschland. (2008)
  • [25] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic Fields - RF and Microwave, IEEE Std. C95.3TM-1991, p. 1-93
  • [26] Y. Okano et al. The SAR Evaluation Method by a Combination of Thermographic Experiments and Biological Tissue-Equivalent Phantoms, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., 48 (2000), No.11, 2094
  • [27] H. Kawai and K. Ito. Simple Evaluation Method of Estimating Local Average SAR, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., 52 (2004), No.8, 2021
  • [28] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, IEEE Std. C95.1TM-2005, p. 1-238
  • [29] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Recommended Practice for Determining the Peak Spatial- Average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the Human Head from Wireless Communications Devices: Measurement Techniques, IEEE Std. 1528TM– 2013, p. 1-246
  • [30] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, ICNIRP Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz), ICNIRP Guidelines, Health Physics, 74 (1998), No.4, 494
  • [31] A.V. Vorst, A. Rosen and Y. Kotsuka, RF/Microwave Interaction with Biological Tissues, 1st ed. Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, (2006), 346
  • [32] F. S. Barnes, B. Greenebaum, Biological and medical aspects of electromagnetic fields (Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields), 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis, Oxford, (2006), 637
  • [33] International Electrotechnical Commission, Human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless communication devices – Human models, instrumentation, and procedures – Part 1: Procedure to determine the specific absorption rate (SAR) for hand-held devices used in close proximity to the ear (frequency range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz), IEC 62209-1 – 2005, 1-218
  • [34] Institute for applied physics of Italian national research council, Calculation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues, Italy Available from: http://niremf.ifac.cnr.it/tissprop. Accessed date: May 23, 2016
  • [35] J.A. Latikka et al. The Conductivity of Brain Tissues: Comparison of Results in Vivo and in Vitro Measurements, Proceedings of 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society; October 25- 28, 2001; Istanbul, Turkey, 910-912
  • [36] H. Li et al. Investigation of the critical geometric characteristics of living human skulls utilising medical image analysis techniques, International Journal of Vehicle Safety, 2 (2007), No.4, 345
  • [37] W. Yang and K. Ma. A Compact High-Performance Patch Antenna Array for 60-GHz Applications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 15 (2016), No.1, 313
  • [38] B. Krietenstein et al. The Perfect Boundary Approximation Technique Facing The Big Challenge of High Precision Field Computation, Proceedings of 19th International Linear Accelerator Conference; August 23-28, 1998; Chicago, USA, 860-862.
  • [39] J.G. Eduard, C. Moraru, and R. Mihai, Study of Energy Absorption Field Emitted by Generic Mobile Phone at 900 MHz Frequency, Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Communications; June 21-23, 2012; Bucarest, Romania, 267- 270.
  • [40] E. Joo, Absorbtion of The Electromagnetic Energy in Human Head, [Doctoral Dissertation], Szent István University. Hungary, (2005), 28
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-408bf580-55e9-4a20-9a69-355fa07b7954
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