Challenges in operating and testing loop heat pipes in 500–700 K temperature ranges

• Autorzy: Szymański Paweł , Mikielewicz Dariusz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/ather.2022.141978

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The potential applications of loop heat pipes (LHPs) are the nuclear power space systems, fuel cell thermal management systems, waste heat recovery systems, medium temperature electronic systems, medium temperature military systems, among others. Such applications usually operate in temperature ranges between 500–700 K, hence it is necessary to develop an LHP system that will meet this requirement. Such a thermal management device require to meet various technical problems and challenges currently existing in the development of LHP working in medium temperatures, including: (1) selection of appropriate working fluid; (2) selection of appropriate LHP construction material; (3) construction of suitable test rig capable of testing at elevated temperatures; (4) development of new testing methods. Currently, there are no proven working fluids that can be used in LHPs in medium temperature ranges. Water can be applicable only at temperatures up to 570 K. Caesium can be applicable at temperatures above 670 K. Organic fluids usually tend to generate non-condensable gasses and/or decompose at elevated temperatures and their viscosity dramatically increases. For halides, most of them are very reactive or toxic and their full property data are not available or the majority of the physical properties are predicted, also live tests and their environmental impact data are not adequate. As for casing/LHP construction material, there are no full chemical compatibility tables with most of the medium temperature working fluids and the reactivity of fluids significantly limits the potential materials. Also, testing such an LHP is an endeavour as the reactivity of medium temperature fluids and the use of obscure metals create new challenges. Altogether creates multiple challenges in the development, testing, handling and operating of LHP in the medium temperature range.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

loop heat pipe; working fluid; material compatibility

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Maszyn Przepływowych PAN ; Komitet Termodynamiki i Spalania PAN
• Czasopismo: Archives of Thermodynamics
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 43, no 2
• Strony: 61--73
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Szymański Paweł

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Narutowicza 11/12,80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Mikielewicz Dariusz

• Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Narutowicza 11/12,80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Zohuri B.: Heat Pipe Design and Technology. Modern Applications for Practical Thermal Management (2nd Edn.). Springer, 2016.
• [2] Zhang Y. (Ed.): Heat Pipes: Design, Applications and Technology. Nova, 2018.
• [3] Anderson W.G., Bland J.J., Fershtater Y., Goncharov K.A., Nikitkin M., Juhasz A.: High-temperature loop heat pipes. IECEC AP-18, ASME 1995.
• [4] Anderson W.G., Rosenfeld J.H., Angirasa D., Mi Y.: Evaluation of heat pipe working fluids in the temperature range 450 to 700 K. AIP Conf. Proc. 699(2004), 20.
• [5] Anderson W.G., Bienert W.: Loop heat pipe radiator trade study for the 300– 550 K temperature range. AIP Conf. Proc. 746(2005), 946.
• [6] Anderson W.G.: Intermediate temperature fluids for heat pipes and loop heat pipes. In: Proc. 5th Int. Energy Conversion Engineering Conf. Exhib. (IECEC), 25–27 June 2007, AIAA 2007–4836.
• [7] Faghri A., Buchko M., Cao Y.: A study of high-temperature heat pipes with multiple heat sources and sinks: Part I – Experimental methodology and frozen startup profiles. J. Heat Transf. 113(1991), 4, 1003–1009.
• [8] Faghri A., Buchko M., Cao Y.: A study of high-temperature heat pipes with multiple heat sources and sinks: Part II – Analysis of continuum transient and steadystate experimental data with numerical predictions. J. Heat Transf. 113(1991), 4, 1010–1016.
• [9] https://www.1-act.com/merit-number-and-fluid-selection/ (accessed 10 Sept. 2021).
• [10] NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties Database (REFPROP), Version 10. https://www.nist.gov/srd/refprop/ (accessed 10 Sept. 2021).
• [11] Blauciak K., Szymanski P., Mikielewicz D.: The influence of loop heat pipe evaporator porous structure parameters and charge on its effectiveness for ethanol and water as working fluids. Materials 14(2021), 7029.
• [12] Nikitkin M.N., Bienert W.B., Goncharov K.A.: Non condensable gases and loop heat pipe operation. SAE Tech. Pap. 981584. In: Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Environmental Systems, 1998.
• [13] Wrenn K.R., Wolf D., Kroliczek E.J.: Effect of non-condensible gas and evaporator mass on loop heat pipe performance. SAE Tech. Pap. 2000-01-2409. In: Proc. 30th Int. Conf. on Environmental Systems, 603–614, 2000.
• [14] Ishikawa H., Ogushi T., Nomura T., Noda H., Kawasaki H., Yabe T.: Heat transfer characteristics of a reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (2nd report, influence of noncondensable gas on heat transfer characteristics). Heat Transf. Asian Res. 36(2007), 8, 459–473.
• [15] Singh R., Akbarzadeh A., Mochizuki M.: Operational characteristics of the miniature loop heat pipe with non-condensable gases. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 53(2010), 17–18, 3471–3482.
• [16] He J., Lin G., Bai L., Miao J., Zhang H.: Effect of non-condensable gas on the operation of a loop heat pipe. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 70(2014), 449–462.
• [17] Prado-Montes P.: Development of an elevated temperature loop heat pipe for space applications and investigation of non-condensable gas impact on its performance. PhD thesis, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid 2014.
• [18] Devarakonda A., Xiong D., Beach E.D.: Intermediate temperature water heat pipe tests. AIP Conf. Proc. 746(2005), 158.
• [19] Mishkinis D., Prado P., Sanz R., Radkov A., Torres A., Tjiptajardja T.: Loop heat pipe working fluids for intermediate temperature range: from –40°C to +125°C. In: Proc. 1st. Int. Conf. on Heat Pipes for Space Applications, Moscow, Sept. 2009.
• [20] Mikielewicz D, Błauciak K.: Investigation of the influence of capilary effect on operation of the loop heat pipe. Arch. Thermodyn. 35(2014), 3, 59–80.

Uwagi

This work is supported by the Financial Research Grant “Argentum Triggering Research Grant” (decision no. DEC17/2021/IDUB/I.3.3) funded by Gdansk University of Technology under the “Excellence Initiative – Research University” program.

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).